Touro University International Essays (1393 words) -

Touro University International James L. White ETH 501 Module 4, Case Assignment Dr. Steven J. Gold Presentation The motivation behind this report is to talk about my supposition on the inquiry Should impaired veterans show signs of improvement qualified competitors who are not debilitated veterans? By examining these points, I plan to offer some information on special treatment in the work place. I will close this report with a short rundown of the whole examination, featuring probably the most huge parts that the report contains. DVAAP VS Affirmative activity The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) depicts the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program as, Veterans' inclination in its present structure originates from the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, as revised, furthermore, is currently classified in different arrangements of title 5, United States Code. By law, veterans who are crippled or who served ready for deployment in the Armed Powers during certain predetermined timespans or in military battles are qualified for inclination over others in recruiting from serious arrangements of qualified's and furthermore in maintenance during decreases in power. (OPM, 2006). This reveals to me that as a deployment ready part relied on the time span in which I have served my nation, when I become a veteran I am qualified for work inclination over my friends. The Feminist Majority Foundation characterizes Affirmative Action as a program that looks for, to cure past victimization ladies, minorities, and others by expanding the enlistment, advancement, maintenance, what's more, hands on preparing openings in business and by expelling boundaries to admission to instructive foundations. In view of the long history of segregation dependent on sex and race, most governmental policy regarding minorities in society programs have been coordinated towards improving work and training open doors for ladies and minorities. (Feminist Majority Foundation, 2000). In my own words governmental policy regarding minorities in society makes it illicit to segregate against an individual dependent on race, religion or sexual orientation. The legitimate inceptions for this originates from, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Official Order 11246, as changed by Executive Order 11375 of every 1967, given the underlying lawful premise to governmental policy regarding minorities in society for ladies in work in the United States. Title VII forbids separation by any business or trade guild based on race, shading, religion, sex, or national starting point. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) was built up to authorize Title VII, despite the fact that the office just started to implement the sex separation denial in the late 1960s and simply after serious pressure from ladies' associations. (Feminist Majority Foundation, 2000). I accept that governmental policy regarding minorities in society and the Disabled Veterans Governmental policy regarding minorities in society Program are comparable. The objective with the two projects is to guarantee everybody has an equivalent right to work without being oppressed. For a model, in the past numerous ladies were most certainly not extended to certain employment opportunities or advancements as a result of their sex, in the present society we despite everything have steps to take, anyway governmental policy regarding minorities in society unmistakably makes oppressively rehearses illicit. In 1996 Ruth Barnard from the School of Nursing at the University of Michigan had this to state about governmental policy regarding minorities in society Yes Affirmative activity was and is expected to accomplish full sexual orientation value in business. In spite of 30 years of non-segregation law, sexual orientation preference separation still persist...The extent of ladies in normal University of Michigan workforce arrangement is low, and most are in the low paid non-tenured positions. (Barnard, January 16, 2006). I can see the likenesses when I take a gander at the inclinations for handicapped veterans. Since the common war veterans have battled to discover employments after their military commitment was up. An Organization called Impaired American Veterans (DAV) had this to state about open doors for debilitated veterans, ...the wake of World War I, when a large number of American doughboys got back home to an America that was not set up to think about the gore of war. More than 4.7 million Americans served, 53,500 were lost in battle. Mishaps and ailments (for the most part from the dangerous Spanish influenza pandemic) ended the lives of 63,000. In excess of 200,000 warriors were injured during the war. America was not set up to do battle or face its result, particularly thinking about the wiped out and injured. Months after getting back, half of the 4 million troopers were discharged from military administration. With the nation depleted of its financial assets because of the war, there was small subsidizing accessible to help war veterans looking for work and clinical consideration. Inside a year, 4 million Americans were jobless, broke and past expectation. Downturn and joblessness injured the American economy. Thus, veterans were left to fight for themselves, particularly the individuals who were impaired. Employments were practically nonexistent

You choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

You pick - Essay Example These emanations are from deforestation or from consuming non-renewable energy sources that will in general snare the warmth that is intended to inevitably escape from earth. (Toxophilite, 2012). The Earths atmosphere is regularly brought about by the initial 6 miles or so of the environment. It contains the greater part of the issue that make up the environment (Weart, 2003). A nearby investigation of this layer shows how flimsy it truly is. Truth be told, if one somehow managed to see Earth from space, the primary piece of the environment would appear to be just thick as the onions skin. It is through the acknowledgment of this reality that makes it much increasingly obvious to make a supposition that individuals can change the atmosphere. The nursery impact is one of the central point that cause a worldwide temperature alteration. Consequently, an investigation of the measure of nursery gasses that people regurgitate into the climate makes the supposition much progressively conceivable. Various analysts have throughout the years thought of a few clarifications of a dangerous atmospheric devation to guarantee the best possible comprehension of it to the overall population. As per Johansen (2011), a dangerous atmospheric devation is portrayed as the watched century scale climbing of the earth’s normal temperature in its atmosphere framework and the related impacts. Various consequences of the proof by researchers show the steady warming of the atmosphere framework (Weart, 2003). Since 1970, the extra vitality that has been put away in the atmosphere framework has redirected to sea warming. Just 10% of it has remained consequently prompting dissolving of the ice, warming of the landmasses and the climate (Weart, 2003). There have been many watched changes since 1950s to now consequently the progressions give off an impression of being extraordinary in these decades. In right now, plainly innovation has created when contrasted with ten years prior. The more prominent the innovation, the more the logical comprehension of an unnatural weather change supposedly increases. The world presently can't be

Labour Productivity of Unincorporated Sole Proprietorships and Partner

Question: You are a semi senior individual from staff at the Accounting firm Turpin, Barker and Armstrong situated in Sutton. You have been named to manage a couple of new planned customers who have acquired a serious significant aggregate of cash from their granddads will.These two are siblings need to set up a business however have no information with regards to what kind of business they need to get into not to mention the type of business element accessible to them 1. As a Semi-Senior individual from the bookkeeping staff, you are required to compose a report to be conveyed by your firm to these siblings clarifying the issues beneath: 2. Clarify the various types of business units(sole ownership, organization, restricted organization) accessible, featuring the advantages and confinements of each? 3. Clarify monetary bookkeeping and the board bookkeeping, featuring the contrasts between the two strands of bookkeeping ? 4. Accepting that you have not been given any data about the legacy of the siblings. Clarify the wellsprings of fund accessible to an entrepreneur, seeing Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term wellsprings of account giving instances of each.? Answer: Presentation: The expression the board bookkeeping implies the expertise of developing the data of the executives and the monetary reports which presents the particular and apt financial and exact information fundamental by the individuals from the leading body of the firm to take squat residency choices (Jagels, Coltman and Coltman, 2004). The term budgetary bookkeeping implies the aptitude which shows the yearly report for the investors of the firm for instance the asset report of the substance and the announcement of pay of the element. The pieces of information which are set by the organization for the speculators of the element, the division of assessment of the element and furthermore for the partners of the substance. The examination expert dissected from this exploration that the different classifications of specialty units reachable in the corporate market and the origination of money related bookkeeping and the thought of the executives bookkeeping (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). 1:Various types of specialty units: Sole Proprietorships: An industry which is worked by an individual is known as the sole ownership firm. It is one of the conventional and least difficult sorts of a business. In this type of business the business can deal with various people according to the worry business however to the extent the ownership of the organization are concerns it must be one and explicit. This sort of business is very simple to set up and the whole measure of the benefit can be appreciated by the proprietor himself subject to certain special cases (Daily, 2008). Strategy for development of sole ownership business: In a correlation with the other type of business, foundation of this type of business is exceptionally simple. At the essential level in the event that an individual might want to begin an organization, at that point that individual can build up a sole ownership organization. With the end goal of foundation and controlling no exceptional sort of permit is fundamental for the owner. If there should arise an occurrence of a sole restrictive business, it tends to be disintegrated when the proprietor might want to break up it, it absolutely relies on the desire of the proprietor whether he might want to lead the business system or not (Baldwin, Rispoli and Leung, 2011). Benefits of sole restrictive business: In contrast with the other business a sole exclusive business has significantly more merits. A sole exclusive organization gains unique focal points as to tax reductions just as its operational field. Straightforward method of building the organization is one of the major operational advantages of the sole restrictive organizations. In this sort of organizations the proprietor maintains the business without any help and takes care of the considerable number of elements identifying with the behaviors of the business. If there should be an occurrence of a sole restrictive organization, installment of differing charge isn't fundamental, the available sum relies on the all out addition of the organization and it is recorded by the personal tax document of the worry proprietor himself (Batten, 2011). Bad marks of sole restrictive business: In contrast with different businesses, operational faults and bad marks identifying with the risk of the organization exists in an immense way. One of the principle inconvenience of this type of business is the proprietor of the business is obligated for the liabilities of his business, it is conceivable that disregarding dissolving the business the proprietor need to release the liabilities of the business at his own duty (Harden, 2011). Another negative mark of this sort of business is that the proprietor ca exclude from the worry business another proprietor then that won't stay as the sole ownership business any more. In the event that the proprietor of the business isn't so well able according to the behaviors of the business then it is conceivable that the business may run on misfortune as the operational elements of the business for the most part relies on the qualification of the proprietor of the worry business. Break down of the business: This type of business breaks down at the desire of the proprietor, at whatever point the proprietor of the business might want to quit maintaining the business then the business disintegrates itself. Association business: In the event that at least two man together takes a commencement to frame a business mutually with an object of sharing benefit or misfortune among them, at that point it will be considered as the association business. The people who together build up the organization are known as the accomplices of the worry organization (Weiss, Serlis-McPhillips and Malafi, 2011). The accomplices of an organization business are capable to present the necessary capital in the business as indicated proportionate and they may appropriate the outstanding burden of the business among them. At the hour of opening an association organization the proprietors or the accomplices need to settle on sure a portion of the essential choices, similar to the extent of benefit or misfortune, measure of capital and it extents among them, their post and job in the lead of the business and numerous other major and minor elements are to be chosen by the accomplices. To dodge clashes and with the end goal of lawful enfor ceability an association understanding concerning the business is framed by the accomplices where all the vital terms and conditions comparable to the organization business in plainly referenced, in this understanding it is likewise referenced that in the event that one accomplice kicks the bucket what will be the future angle in such manner. By goodness of the provisions of the understanding accomplices used to control the direct of the business, this understanding is known as organization deed, it must be recorded as a hard copy rather than oral understanding for maintaining a strategic distance from future ambiguities (Gage, 2004). Qualities of organization business: 1. More than one part: In an organization type of business there must be at any rate two individuals however this number of two individuals might be expanded. In this type of business two or a few people mutually build the business and maintain the business with an object of gaining benefits. These people are known as the accomplices of the business (Biech, 2007). 2. Organization deed: In an association business there must be an understanding among the accomplices of the worry business where all the essential terms and conditions identifying with the association of the business are referenced, this understanding is known as the organization deed (Pelle, 2007).3. Legitimateness: In an organization business the topic of the business and the lead of the business must be legal, and no unlawful work is allowable inside the extent of an association business. All the accomplices of the business are legitimately bound under the organization deed (Jasper, 2001).4. Competency of accomplices: For the reason for going into an association understanding just as an organization deed the accomplices must be capable to contract like the accomplices probably accomplished the time of development, is of sound brain and enough equipped for understanding the terms and states of the organization deed.5. Circulation of benefit or misfortune: In an organization busine ss all the accomplices are qualifies for share the benefits of the business in agreement to the conditions of the association deed and without any such term in the organization deed then all the accomplices are qualifies for share the benefits similarly. If there should be an occurrence of a misfortune in the business all the accomplices are obligated to share such misfortune in agreement to their extent into the benefit of the business. Focal points and impediments of association business: In an organization business, capital presentation is very simple as it is presented by a few accomplices in an extent. Operational capacities are likewise very business agreeable in nature. Dangers and liabilities of the business get low as it is disseminated among all the accomplices (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2012). There are a few negative marks in this type of professional there is no impediment with regards to the obligation of the organization firm. There is plausibility of absence of productivity from the accomplices. The procedure of benefit moving is unbending in nature. There is no affirmation of things to come presence of the organization business (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2011). Restricted organization: The foundation of fuse that limits the whole proportion of responsibility ought to be underneath anxiety of the reserve holders of the business. The clarification of this sort of foundation of a business organization is capable in the European countries. It is normally renowned in name of Limited Liability Company. Along these lines, this sort of business is perceived as Liability Company (Clayton, 2008). In the corporate part there are two sort of restricted organization exists to be specific private constrained organization and the other one is open restricted organization. The virtual extent of restricted organizations is immense, even a great deal of constrained organizations are running from more than one age. Development of restricted organization: To build up a constrained organization the initiators need to enlist the name of the organization with the House of Companies in understanding to the organization laws of the n

Attitudes Toward Life Free Essays

Mentality Toward Life I have consistently heard it said that individuals are the equivalent under the skin, and from multiple points of view it’s valid. Individuals have comparable driving forces, expectations, and dream. Notwithstanding, individuals differ generally in their mentalities toward life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Perspectives Toward Life or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now An individual with a negative demeanor puts a critical turn on life in any event, when beneficial things occur. In the event that she has a first column community seat at the show, she grumble the her neck harms from sitting so close or that the music is excessively noisy. on the off chance that he has a new position, he gripes that the hours are excessively long and the advantages lacking. At the point when I complimented my companion tim on his new position, his reaction was normally negative. It’s OK, I presume. † he said,†but the cash and the possibility for headway aren’t that extraordinary. I’m simply restricting my time until something different tags along. â€Å"negative individuals can transform even favorable luck into misfortune. A constructive individual, then again, can locate the positive qualities in nearly anything. my collaborator mario consistently says, â€Å"Something great will happen today. â€Å"At first, I thought Mario†™s encouragement was only a bogus front. In any case, I have worked with him for a wile now and I have started to see that there is nothing phony about his good faith . He truly looks for beneficial things to occur, and he considers inability to be a motivation to work more diligently. Any uncertainty I had about Mario’s demeanor vanished when he trusted that his significant other has malignant growth . â€Å"It’s caused me to acknowledge what’s significant in my life, â€Å"He stated, â€Å"and its made me closer to her than at any other time. † Even catastrophe has its constructive side to a constructive individual like mario. The individual with a cautious demeanor retains judgment on everything. on the off chance that you ask him how he is today, he may carefully answer, â€Å"So far, so great. † he sees no reason for submitting himself when startling calamity or extraordinary favorable luck may occur for him whenever. My old neighbor is a great case of the cautious individual. he last time I saw her, I got some information about her youngsters and grandkids. she revealed to me that her little girl and child in-law had simply praising their Twenty-fifth commemoration. At the point when I remarked on to what extent their marr iage had endured, my neighbor shrugged. Truly, I semi its a decent marriage, she said. â€Å"Time will tell. † Attitude toward life shape the manner in which we see the weld. S pessimistic perso finds the terrible in all things, while a constructive individual searches for good. furthermore, the individual with a cautious disposition, similar to somebody watching a play, kicks back and trust that the following demonstration will unfurl. The most effective method to refer to Attitudes Toward Life, Essay models

Piotr Ilytich Tchaikovsky’s “1812” Essay

Formed by universally known traditional artist, Piotr Ilytch Tchaikovsky, the old style music piece â€Å"1812 Overture in E Flat Major, Op. 49†, mirrors the French intrusion in Russia which was rarely successful. With its full title, â€Å"The Year 1812,† Op. 49; French Ouverture Solonelle), the old style music additionally suggests the withdrawal of Napoleon in 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars.  â â â â â â â â â â The melodic components in the organization show some hidden subjects which made it all the more fascinating: tone, mood, congruity, and structure.  â â â â â â â â â â The tone remarkably showed the fluctuating pitch all through the melodic piece. This is showed by the high pitch and low contribute that could be watched the piece. The mix of the various pitches made the melodic piece fascinating to tune in to.  â â â â â â â â â â Meanwhile, another intriguing about the melodic components present in the arrangement is its musicality. Tchaikovsky utilized interesting sound portrayals in the organization, some of which are the horns and the terminating of the guns.  â â â â â â â â â â Another melodic component is agreement. In spite of the various contributes and cadence present the piece, the amicability of the melodic notes and instruments that are utilized seem, by all accounts, to be in concurrence with one another; no â€Å"out-of-place† tunes could be watched, I think.  â â â â â â â â â â Lastly, the type of the melodic piece is additionally important. The structure which tells about the general structure of the melodic piece is additionally remarkable. The mix of the melodic notes, rhythm, tone, and different components came out easily.  â â â â â â â â â â also, the 1812 Overture got known for its â€Å"real gun fire† impacts when it is performed live in open air occasions. In the mean time, if the exhibition must be done indoor, the ensembles use sounds speaking to the gun discharge through PC created sounds. Tchaikovsky entered the St. Petersburg Conservatory where he understood his actual bringing in the field of music. After certain years, he later moved to another studio where he met a gathering of Russian arrangers. Those Russians were known to be patriot which to some degree motivated Tchaikovsky in his subsequent ensemble entitled, The Little Russian. Being known as not adequately Russian and â€Å"cosmopolitan,† he was later dismissed by this gathering. In 1880, Nicholas Rubenstein, Peter Illych Tchaikovsky’s coach, recommended to Peter that a striking celebratory piece ought to be formed for merriments. The piece was to be introduced in the square close to the church, with the backup of a superb ensemble, house of prayer ringers and live gun discharge to achieve the precision specified by the melodic score in which each shot was composed solely (Lampson, 1999). Reference: Lampson, D. (1999). Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky.â â Retrieved April 12, 2007, from http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/tchaikov/1812.html

Needs assesment, use of needs assessments, influence of modeling and Essay

Needs assesment, utilization of requirements appraisals, impact of demonstrating and investigating ones own ideal models - Essay Example Be that as it may, the prevailing way to deal with information assortment and examination so far-realizing what's going on with youngsters is on a very basic level defective as it neglects to explore the elements in a youngster's life that we know lead to solid development.1 It doesn't tell the full or even the right tale about our children. There is have to investigate all the more profoundly into the variables that are instrumental in molding the positive improvement of a youngster and increasingly logical work should be done to capably propel the adolescent advancement field. When all is said in done this field targets supporting and advancing procedures accepted fundamental for the wellbeing and prosperity of a kid. The vast majority of the investigations of national significance led till as of late , except for a couple of like the one by America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being and Trends In the Well-Being of America's Children which consolidated a portion of the markers of positive youth improvement, were engaged towards discovering and estimating the deficiency markers in our youngsters' lives essentially on the grounds that the investigations were directed either for-estimating, breaking down or comprehension and giving an account of social changes or for-dynamic and assessing and surveying legislative social projects and arrangements. The continuation of such projects depended, obviously, on information to screen their viability. How those markers have co... As the expense of restoration programs mounted, avoidance rather than treatment of social issues turned into the mantra to strategy creators. In any case, there was a precarious issue to choose concerning who ought to be remembered for counteraction programs. Numerous endeavors to settle based on people in danger or the people with some particular antecedent conduct couldn't give right point of view as there is no huge proof in research to close regarding who required these projects the most. (would you be able to get in touch with me at my email address mabha2001@yahoo.com. I have to converse with you earnestly.) The avoidance approach or model lays accentuation on finding a compelling method to keep a given issue from happening to or among youngsters and depends on the rule that nonappearance of issues implies that youngsters are growing suitably. From the formative point of view, there are a few defects in this methodology. To start with, while there are a lot of proof that adverse practices or conditions obstruct the constructive improvement of youngsters, there is not really any proof that nonappearance of such practices in itself likens with positive advancement as in the expressions of Karen Pittman, a main youth advancement advocate issue free isn't completely arranged. Moreover, it is hard to quantify practices that could have occurred however didn't occur as a result of a counteraction input. Besides, these anticipation programs target just a small amount of our youngsters who are viewed as in danger and not all.. The advancement point of view offers an alternate methodology and asks three presence of mind inquiries : What sort of people do we need every one of our kids to be What aptitudes do we need them to have What do we need them to have the option to do to

Special Education and Technology Integration Essay

Special Education and Technology Integration Essay This free 11-page  essay  (with 15 sources)  on Special Education and Technology is for students to use as a template/guideline/reference in helping them complete their own paper.   This was provided by a student who completed this essay and wanted others to benefit from it with their own studies.   If you seek further assistance on how to write an essay, you can email or call us at anytime. Technology and  Special Education Technology is an important aspect of todays society. People share ideas and communicate using emails, Skype, and public/private forums. In order to for many organizations and businesses to evolve and increase productivity, they often upgrade their technological capabilities. This is why schools have begun the process of creating an environment that immerses staff and students in technology. Technology investment within schools not only enables varied learning opportunities for students, but it also helps students discover or improve their own ability to research and analyze information, collaborate and communicate, and solve problems (Lim, Zhao, Tondeur, Chai, Tsai, 2013). Technology provides other benefits. Integrating technology in schools, especially in certain areas like special education enable staff to develop new ways of teaching and creating curriculum custom made for special needs students. Fernandez-Lopez, Rodriguez-Fortiz, Rodriguez-Almendros, and Martinez-Segura (2013) stated, The development of customizable and adaptable applications tailored to them provides many benefits as it helps mold the learning process to different cognitive, sensorial or mobility impairments (p.77). Teachers have the option of constructing lessons using videos, pictures, and slideshows to allow a diverse array of teaching methods. From use of visual aids to increasing the size of text and making text colorful and appealing, technology makes instruction easier and more importantly, cost-effective. Many videos are available for free to watch on Youtube and only requires a projector, screen and laptop to use. Introduction  to Study Barriers still exist in terms of technology and teaching. This is especially true for special education. Special education teachers may integrate some aspect of technology in their curriculum, but some remain resistant, believing technology integration is unnecessary. Schools may be at fault because of the continued lack of policy changes and training for teachers. If schools integrate the use of technology in all areas, every student will be able to receive a higher level of education that will lead in the long run, to less expenses for the school and higher quality educational opportunities for students. While technology in schools seems for some recent, the transition from technology free to technology centric has been in the making for over four decades (Keengwe, 2015). In these four decades many schools have made great strides. Even with progress, some teachers remain resistant to technology integration in schools. One article notes teachers attitudes towards technology as being the main barriers for integration. Teachers own beliefs and attitudes about the relevance of technology to students learning were perceived as having the biggest impact on their success (Ertmer, Ottenbreit-Leftwich, Sadik, Sendurur, Sendurur, 2012, p. 423). If teachers believe they do not need to use technology to instruct students or they do not feel they can use technology to instruct students, this may make them more resistant to technology integration in schools. It is up to the school then to improve these attitudes and support use of technology by teachers via additional training with computers and projectors, and supporting teachers that do integrate technology use into their curriculum. In the case of special education and elementary students, many of these students already have a harder time learning from traditionally designed curriculum. If teachers utilize technology to customize curriculums for their special needs students, they will find greater success in teaching. Technology enables a hands on approach and a greater implementation of visual aids that promotes higher levels of engagement from students (Nam, Bahn, Lee, 2013). Assistive technology is something many special education teachers use in order to help a child learn. Audiobooks are an excellent example of how technology helps a student that may have difficulty reading or a visual disability, still learn with ease. In this qualitative case study, I interviewed 15 special education teachers from 15 various elementary schools within Miami-Dade County, Florida. Because attitudes and perceptions play such a major role in teachers using or not using technology in the classroom, this study examined the attitudes and perceptions of 15 special education teachers as it relates to technology integration in their daily instruction. The participants were chosen from K-5 schools within the Miami-Dade school district. Although the district has 200 elementary schools and many have integrated technology successfully, the need to assess daily integration and attitudes of technology integration have not been fully discussed. Problem Statement Special education teachers in an urban K-5 school district have problems with fully integrating technology into their daily instruction. This is not just a problem seen in Florida but across the country. While some schools use tablets, video or virtual conferencing, and assistive technology like audiobooks, some schools have remained with the traditions and beliefs of the past. Special education is an area that needs a higher level of technology integration. Special needs students may not have the ability to go to school every day or learn effectively from traditional instruction methods. Technology may enable more options for special needs students that were not possible before. Research shows teachers may not willingly integrate technology into their daily instruction because of certain attitudes and perceptions. These attitudes and perceptions often come from lack of training. In order for schools to integrate technology more effectively, they must first train teachers on how to use technology in their classroom. Special education teachers already struggle with the current responsibilities of teaching students with varied problems and impairments. They need further training to understand how to implement technology to help students learn. Aside from training, schools must evaluate how well special education teachers handle the integration of technology and if such integration improves student learning outcomes. With schools requiring students to perform well in order to receive government funding (No Child Left Behind Act), it became increasingly important to see positive test results from students. If technology integration proves students learn more and thus score better on standardized tests, this will provide proof that technology integration should be the main focus. Assessment is an important part of any change. Assessing the results of technology integration in several ways will allow for accurate interpretation. By evaluating the responses of special education teachers and their attempts at technology integration in their daily instruction, this will provide a better picture of the struggles and ways to remove such barriers. Teachers and students stand to benefit from full technology integration. Through assessment and analysis, schools can achieve positive outcomes. Purpose of Study The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine how K-5 special education teachers in Miami Dade County perceived the process of technology integration within their school district and school. One special education teacher from 15 elementary schools in Miami Dade County were observed then interviewed to collect qualitative data concerning perceptions of technology integration into daily instruction. As one study noted, ease of use promotes good attitudes with change and integration when it comes to special education teachers and technology. Facilitating condition was strongly related to perceived ease of use, whereas perceived ease of use had a significant effect on computer self-efficacy (Nam, Bahn, Lee, 2013, p. 365). Nature of Study and Research Questions The research method for this case study was qualitative. Qualitative information provides clarity on complex and hard to interpret problems. By examining how special education perceive technology integration, assumptions were either refuted or supported. One assumption is teachers who have negative attitudes towards technology integration is due to lack of training. By interviewing special education teachers and analyzing their responses, the lack of training can either be confirmed or removed as a potential main barrier. Miami Dade County is one of the largest when it comes to school districts. To examine qualitatively the effectiveness of technology integration is a great way to see the effectiveness of the schools within the district. The following questions helped guide this qualitative case study: 1. How do special education teachers in Miami Dade County public elementary schools perceive the process of technology integration as it related to daily instruction? 2. How do special education teachers in Miami Dade County public elementary schools implement technology within their daily instruction? 3. What barriers if any, prevent special education teachers in Miami Dade County public elementary schools from successful technology integration? Conceptual Framework Many conceptual frameworks exist to help understand actions and problems within society. For the purposes of this qualitative case study, the conceptual framework uses was TPACK or technological pedagogical content knowledge. The TPACK framework emphasizes how the connections among teachers understanding of content, pedagogy, and technology interact with one another to produce effective teaching (Koehler, Mishra, Kereluik, Shin, Graham, 2013, p. 101). Although a relatively new framework, it has helped influence theory, research, as well as practice in relation to teacher professional development and teacher education. The TPACK framework enables teachers to consider technology application in their design thinking processes. This is because 21st century learning has produced different opportunities and requirements that were not seen in the past (Koh, Chai, Benjamin, Hong, 2015). Originally created/outlined in 2006 by Matthew Koehler and Punya Mishra, TPACK or TPCK builds on the work produced by Shulman. Shulman stated information of a content or subject area void of pedagogical skill would not help in developing good teachers. Koehler and Mishra expounded upon this statement by explaining and adding the technological component and making the technological component, the main component. This necessitates that the teacher looks further than technical aspects and considers the importance of the interplay of technology knowledge, pedagogical knowledge (Ma, Yuen, Park, Lau, Deng, 2015, p. 220). Furthermore, Quality teaching requires developing nuanced understanding of complex relationships between technology, content, and pedagogy, and using this understanding to develop appropriate context specific strategies and representations (Ma, Yuen, Park, Lau, Deng, 2015, p. 220). By importance and significance on the technological aspect, theres an increased need in de veloping the skills required to make technology integration feasible for teachers, especially special education teachers. Definition of Terms †¢ ICT or Information and community technology: An expansive phrased that explains the merging of networking, telecommunications technologies, and information into a single technology. Many researchers find ICT proficiency low among technology-poor countries and note organizational culture influences how technology proficiency and integration (Tong, Tak, Wong, 2015). †¢ Integration of Technology: Level 0 is non-use, Level 1 as awareness, Level 2 as exploration, Level 3 as infusion, Level 4A as mechanical integration, Level 4B as routine integration, Level 5 as expansion, and level 6 as refinement (Beycioglu, 2013, p. 181). †¢ Teachers Technology Proficiency: Levels 0-2 = indications of low comfort/skill, Levels 3-5 = indications of moderate comfort/skill, and Levels 6-7 = indications of high comfort/skill (Beycioglu, 2013, p. 181). Assumptions 1. Several assumptions were made for purpose of this qualitative case study 2. Findings from the qualitative study will provide clarity on what may cause lack of technology integration for special education teachers. 3. Lack of training leads to perceived barriers as it relates to technology integration. 4. Negative beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes on technology affect technology integration for special education teachers. 5. Study findings may lead to improvement in strategies adopted to increase technology integration among special education teachers. 6. Participants in the qualitative case study may either support technology integration or go against technology integration. 7. The current body of research will provide supplementary information to guide the process of evaluation. Limitations Several limitations exist within this qualitative case study. The first is researcher bias and its potential influence on examination and interpretation of study findings. To reduce such a limitation, no interference was given when asking questions to participants. Participants were given objective questions free from personal bias that were then answered with no cues or interjections. The second limitation was the limited range of potential participants. Only special education teachers in public elementary schools were selected. This removes the potential for variety in the sample and produces a narrowed view on the issue. Furthering this limitation is excluding other school districts from participating. Scope and Delimitations The scope of this qualitative case study was delimited to qualitative data collection methods that comprised of participant interviews, research, and the area selected. This led to a small sample size compared to similar studies conducted in schools containing greater age ranges for students and more school districts. Generalization could happen in qualitative studies and research, however, this was not the goal for this study. Significance of Study Findings from the study supported some theories and assumptions made by researchers in the field of special education and technology integration, specifically in an elementary school setting. The first-order barrier is external, such as lack of adequate access, time, training and institutional support. The second-order barrier includes teachers personal and fundamental beliefs such as teachers pedagogical beliefs, technology beliefs, willingness to change (Tsai Chai, 2012, p. 1). Because of the growing need for transition from partial technology integration to full technology integration not just in regular education, but also special education, this study contributes greatly. Special education teachers must understand the value of integrating technology into daily instruction. It is commonly believed that learning is enhanced through the use of technology and that students need to develop technology skills in order to be productive members of society (Davies West, 2013, p. 841). B y shining light on the opinions of special education teachers and technology integration, there may be a better understanding of what is required for successful transition and application. Many special education teachers note problems integrating new practices into their job duties. Some sight challenges due to the variety of students they must handle any given day. These students are often disabled and require additional assistance and attention. Unlike in regular education, special education may require additional practices that are both draining and tedious for special education teachers. In order for special education teachers to see technology integration as positive, they must see its ability to make their jobs easier. An important thing to note is the use of new technologies in recent times such as social media and virtual schools. Virtual schools may be an option for special needs students wishing to learn but are unable to go to school on a regular basis. Special education teachers would have to learn to use technology via virtual schools and still maintain effective instruction. Customization of curriculum seems helpful in theory to special education students, but may be difficult to execute. This study may lend to the already mentioned need to train special education teachers more and enable continual growth. Technology needs change each year. Ten years ago teachers only needed to learn how to use a computer. Now teachers must learn how to use tablets, teach from online, and communicate electronically. As the years pass, further technological innovations will lead to a need for additional training. Implications for Social Change Technology influences almost every facet of society, careers, and most importantly education. The implications for social change consist of understanding and recognizing information that schools and organizations can utilize to assist in generating a development plan geared towards technology integration for special education teachers and teachers in general. The basis for this proposal for transformation was built on in-depth observations of the perceptions as well as teaching practices of K-5 special education teachers in the Miami-Dade school district in the use of technology for Learning and instruction. Research-based approaches/strategies were discovered for the promotion of positive teacher perceptions of technology integration. Training is an important part of successful technology integration. Without appropriate training, special education teachers are left without the skills for successful implementation of technology in their daily instruction. By presenting evidence of the attitudes and beliefs of special education teachers, Miami-Dade Countys public elementary schools and through extension other public elementary schools will see the need for change in regards to how technology integration is implemented. Modernization, globalization is a key feature of todays evolving society. Technology brings both modernization and globalization into schools by giving access to both teachers and students on ways to grow and learn from using the internet and communicating and recording information through electronic devices (Kim, Kim, Lee, Spector, Demeester, 2013). Technology integration can also allow the seamless inclusion of special education into regular education. As schools move towards promoting inclusion and allowing special education students to feel and be part of the rest of the school, technology integration will make this transition faster and easier. It will also help give options to students that did not have options before. Homeschooling, distance learning, these may be allowed earlier on for students that truly need to stay at home. There are a multitude of different ways for technology to change the way schools see teaching and learning. More research, more studies will help illuminate the way to an integrated and inclusive society and education system. Summary and Transition Special education teachers have a difficult time integrating technology into their daily instruction. Some of it is attributed to attitudes and perceptions which may come from lack of training. This section provided an introduction, and introduction to the study, and highlighted the problem statement, nature of the study, operational definitions, as well as the significance of the study. Successful technology integration requires supporting special education teachers not just in changing their perceptions, but also giving them the tools necessary for successful implementation. Evaluations like these promote continual development of special education teachers so they can handle the difficulties associated with transitions. Research and literature provide the basis from which these changes can take place. Schools must make decisions based on best practices so training opportunities for special education teachers are not squandered. If public schools successful technology integration, especially in special education, there may be a higher likelihood of improved inclusion between regular education and special education students. Teachers will also be able to instruct students with tools that provide custom-made curriculum. Technology is the best way to help teachers adopt new ways of teaching and enable new ways of learning for students (Chiu, 2016). The next section, Section 2, will offer a review of related research and studies and see how the chosen conceptual framework and technology integration can be useful for this scenario. The literature review contains information and summaries of recent case studies, studies, and articles that help define the most pertinent facets of the study. References Beycioglu, K. (2013). Ethical technology use, policy, and reactions in educational settings. Hershey, Pa.: Information Science Reference. Chiu, T. (2016). 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New Media, Knowledge Practices and Multiliteracies. Singapore: Springer Singapore. Nam, C., Bahn, S., Lee, R. (2013). Acceptance of Assistive Technology by Special Education Teachers: A Structural Equation Model Approach. International Journal Of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(5), 365-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.711990 Nam, C., Bahn, S., Lee, R. (2013). Acceptance of Assistive Technology by Special Education Teachers: A Structural Equation Model Approach. International Journal Of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(5), 365-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.711990 Tong, C., Tak, W., Wong, A. (2015). The Impact of Knowledge Sharing on the Relationship between Organizational culture and Job Satisfaction: The Perception of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) Practitioners in Hong Kong. Ijhrs, 5(1), 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i1.6895 Tsai, C. Chai, C. (2012). The third-order barrier for technology-integration instruction: Implications for teacher education. AJET, 28(6), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.810 View or Download this full document in (.docx) format. --> Open Full Document Open full document and source list OR Order A Custom Written Essay Order a one-of-a-kind custom essay on this topic