Police Brutality And The Black Community - 950 Words

Over the past decade, police brutality has covered major headlines because officers have acted out in ways that have made citizens question their motives. Things such as unjustified shootings, deadly chokings, and rough treatment have all added to the constant problem of police brutality in the black community. Annoyingly, the police officers responsible for the killings and abuse are not held for long before they are discharged to their normal routines. Since many people believe that the issues of police brutality is based on race, officers should be held accountable for their misconduct. Accountability will permit officers to treat all with equality; therefore using the appropriate amount of force on everyone. Often cops are indicted in less than 1% of killings, but the indictment rate for citizens is 90% which is a major problem. If someone does wrong they should suffer the consequence no matter who they are. As a result of misconduct officers tend be mistrusted by their communities. Deaths in the black community often stems from police officers using excessive force such as assaults, beating and shootings. One of the recent incident of police brutality went viral after a caucasian police officer s Mr. Fields body slams an African- American female high school student in South Carolina. The student was seated at her desk on her phone when the officer through her to the ground and across the floor before arresting her. One may argue thatShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The Black Community1547 Words   |  7 Pages Police brutality has been a major issue since slavery. In slavery people, mainly whites, were able to do anything to black people without having to deal without dealing with the consequences. Families were destroyed, people died, babies were killed, and many unknown factors still to this day that will never be known. When slavery was abolished, it did not end right away. It took several years and still is not abolished if you look at in a political way. People of power, mainly white, were not happyRead MorePolice Brutality, And Murder Against The Unarmed Black Community1685 Words   |  7 Pages All across the nation, in the news the black community has been making their voice heard, in regards to white police brutality, and murder against the unarmed black community. Many of these brutal attacks and flat out murders of unarmed black people haven’t been largely prosecuted, some officers have even been acquitted of any wrong doing or murder. This has led to outrage in the African American community at large. The shooting of an unarmed black teen named Michael Brown caused the racialRead MorePolice Brutality, And Murder Against The Unarmed Black Community1685 Words   |  7 Pages All across the nation, in the news the black community has been making their voice heard, in regards to white police brutality, and murder against the unarmed black community. Many of these brutal attacks and flat out murders of unarmed black people haven’t been largely prosecuted, some officers have even been acquitted of any wrong doing or murder. This has led to outrage in the African American community at large. The shooting of an unarmed black teen named Michael Brown caused the racialRead MorePolice Brutality Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality against African American people has begun to take a toll on our communities. African American communities cannot even trust the police, because of the way they are being treated unfairly by a police officers of them distract or their state. Which is why the police are being coming more advanced in technology, but still fail to use their powers as an officer correctly. This cause the police officers are using misconduct against African American people when confronted by them. ThisRead MorePolice brutality1678 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality, Have Times Really Changed The history of Police Brutality for minorities; especially people of color has left America wondering have times changed. Police brutality has deemed the opportunity for socioeconomic advancement or access to good and services for many Black/African Americans dating back as far as 1955. The system of Police brutality has affected many realms of society for minorities’ employment and family life. After some scholarly research, police brutality isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Police Brutality By Jill Nelson1358 Words   |  6 Pagespreaches to the minority communities that, â€Å"Black power is giving power to people who have not had power to determine their own destiny† which is movement that formed for self defense against the U.S government. The Black Power Movement established itself in the 1950’s branching off of the nonviolent groups established during the Civil Rights Movement. Two major Black Power groups in history were Malcolm X and Black Panther Party t hat focused on justice for the black communities. These groups primarilyRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreIn Our Society, There Has Been Several Issues But One Of1213 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American community. Police Brutality is a major problem that many African Americans fear dealing with racial divides but some believe minorities cause higher crime rates. In the dictionary of law, Police brutality, is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Many Americans have gone through many situations where they were excessively force by the police. But few American’s were racial profiled, discriminated, or beat brutality for no appointedRead MoreBlack Lives Matter Is An International Activist Movement1693 Words   |  7 Pages Black Lives Matter Movement Black Lives Matter is an international activist movement, originating in the African-American community that campaigns against violence towards black people. â€Å"Black lives matter† became a rallying cry of a new chapter in the long black freedom struggle. Its unique campaign contributes beyond extrajudicial killings of Blacks by policemen and vigilantes. It all started year 2013, after a white/hispanic male, â€Å" George Zimmermanâ€Å" was found not guilty of the fatal murderRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1467 Words   |  6 PagesHow can we trust the ones that’s killing us? Law enforcement and police officers play a major role in our community. They help those in need keep us safe. Nationwide they also kill an average of 3 people every day. I thought whenever you become an officer, you have sworn to protect us. Police brutality is a major issue in our society today. Police work is dangerous. In the past, police officers were considered peacekee pers. Police have been occupied in shootings, severe beatings, and unnecessarily

Social Media and Privacy Relationships and Online...

Online Surveillance The negative consequences of online surveillance are consistent media headliners cautioning users to be wise with their sensitive information. This research address both positive and negative outlooks of online surveillance. According to Lee Humphreys’ article â€Å"Who’s Watching Whom? A Study of Interactive Technology and Surveillance†, a yearlong experiment explored how people think about privacy and surveillance when using mobile social networks (Humphreys 2011, 575). In examining Google’s Dodgeball, a mobile service like foursquare that allowed users to provide their location-based information with others, they discovered that â€Å"most informants were not concerned about privacy when using the mobile social network†¦show more content†¦The power of surveillance is largely due to people not knowing if or when they are being watched; â€Å"everyday people can search for information about other citizens without their knowledge or permission † (Humphreys 2011, 577). This power of surveillance allows people to be grouped based on their perceived economic and political value (Humphreys 2011, 591). It has been suggested that in using mobile social media we sacrifice personal privacy because people no longer have control over their personal information but we are willing to sacrifice this information because of the personal benefits it brings us (Humphreys 2011, 577). Privacy research has concluded that those who were not overtly concerned about their privacy due to two reasons, 1. Because they felt they had control over their information and who was privy to it and where it was going and two, because the users felt they were â€Å"experienced and savvy Internet users† (Humphreys 2011, 580). Yet, this study reinforces the notion that we live our lives in a â€Å"surveillance society† (Humphreys 2011, 590). â€Å"The amount of information that Dodgeball and its partners have access to is far greater than the amount of information users have access to. Not only did the Dodgeball company have access to a greater breadth of information (i.e., information from allShow MoreRelatedMy Sister And Her Boyfriend1501 Words   |  7 PagesNOAH GO OUT AND THAT MEANS #THENOTEBOOK #IMFANGIRLING okbye† (Sievers). They were horrified. Although they have tried to avoid becoming one of those â€Å"annoying couples† – graciously withholding posts about the intimate details of their blossoming relationship - sometimes friends, colleagues, and acquaintances have posted sappy details for them. For example, one night, we were celebrating birthdays with my dad’s side of the family. I teased them (as I often do) by taking a picture of them both wearingRead MorePrivacy And The Privacy Of Privacy1735 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, the word â€Å"privacy† has be come ubiquitous. When discussing whether government surveillance and data collection pose a threat to privacy, the most common retort against privacy advocates – by those in favor of databases, video surveillance, spyware, data mining and other modern surveillance measures – is this line: If I’m not doing anything wrong, what would I have to hide? The allowance of the government’s gathering and analysis of our personal information stems from an inadequateRead MoreGeneration X, Popularly Known As â€Å"Millennials† By Americans1484 Words   |  6 Pagesniche social problems. Web bloggers have declared Millennials the sole reason for having ruined such complex social issues such as marriage, and the idea of the American dream, to other, not so convoluted problems like the falling sales of bar soap and the increase sales of tree killing novels. However, these bloggers have yet to blame this generation for seemingly their largest offence yet, somethin g that could well, and truly, effect all of mankind throughout the digital age; internet privacy. HavingRead MoreEffects Of Online Social Networking On Society966 Words   |  4 Pagesour environment. Through the development of social networking, it has easily kept us updated on what is going on around the world and in other people’s lives. Instead of face-to-face communication, the younger generation perceives social media to be a place to share emotional connections and stay connected with their significant other. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of online social networking constructing romantic relationships. With the many different ways to interact withRead MoreAnalysis of Jeffery Rosens: The Naked Crowd Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesportrays our society as completely exposed, giving up all privacy to join, and fit in with the â€Å"naked crowd†. Rosen claims that we willing give up all power of privacy in order to fit in with society and b e accepted as someone that can be trusted through exposure. He claims that image is the key to establishing trust, not through a relationship or conversation. His thesis presents his views on the subject, â€Å"has led us to value exposure over privacy? Why, in short, are we so eager to become members ofRead MorePrivacy, Secrecy, And Reputation1097 Words   |  5 Pagessome people argue that privacy no longer exists. From the 2013 revelations of government surveillance of citizens’ communications to companies that monitor their employees’ internet usage, this argument seems to be increasingly true. Yet, Harvard Law professor Charles Fried states that privacy, â€Å"is necessarily related to ends and relations of the most fundamental sort: respect, love, friendship and trust† (Fried 477). However, Fried is not arguing that in a world where privacy, in its most simple termsRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Internet1229 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment is provi ding an escape from reality. Privacy is becoming non-existent as people are casting a mold of their identities online through social media apps. Intelligence agencies are getting the inside scoop on your online activities from corporations that take advantage of the reliance on Internet consumerism. Entertainment has become an integral part of the Internet. Mediums of entertainment such as video games, forums, instant messaging and social media have affected the cognitive functions ofRead MorePrivacy Of The 21st Century No Longer Exists1600 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy in the 21st Century no longer exists. Bill Gates stated, â€Å"That historically privacy was almost implicit, because it was hard to find and gather information. But in the digital world, whether it s digital cameras or satellites or just what you click on, we need to have more explicit rules - not just for governments but for private companies†. Even though the advancement of Information Technology (IT) is not the problem, the problem is the information that is available is not protected fromRead MoreEssay Government Surveillance For The Greater Good1660 Words   |  7 Pages Government Surveillance For The Greater Good With new advances in technology each day it’s becoming easier to communicate with each other. Talking to friends and family around the world has now become easier. Yet with all these new forms of communication there have been unpleasant side effects, since this new advanced technology is not only for harmless interaction it is also used to plot against governments and countries. Governments have found themselvesRead More`` Invading Our Privacy `` : How Technology Can Make People Expose Their Privacy Online1217 Words   |  5 PagesPrivate privacy is personal information that people keep secret from the public; it also means to refrain people from knowing about them or their situations. Many companies and businesses wants to protect people from hackers and thieves from using their information, such as Social Security and credit card barcodes; consequently, hackers use people’s information to buy illegal products or to expose explicit information from their socia l media pages to the public. Other suggested that personal privacy

Impact of Glucocorticoids on the C2C12 cells’ Differentiation

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Glucocorticoids on the C2C12 cells Differentiation and Proliferation. Answer: Rationale All the vertebrates have three main types of muscles that can be differentiated on the basis of their morphology and their roles in the body. The skeletal muscles enable the vertebrates to move from one geographical area to the other. Smooth muscles are lined with internal organs like blood supplying vessels. The third one is the cardiac muscle that is located within the heart. Its main role is to help in pumping of the blood thought the body thus enabling metabolic processes. Skeletal muscles account 40% of the body weight. The skeletal muscle cells are the largest cells in the body. During the developmental stages the myoblast also know as precursor fuses to form a multinucleated skeletal muscle cells through a process known as myogenesis. Its possible to study Myogenesis outside the body of the host using cell lines myoblast like C2C12 cell lines. C2C12 cells are easily proliferate under more concentrated serum conditions and differentiate but fusion can only take place under low serum state. Therefore, making it a good tool in tests that involve myogenesis, muscle biology and metabolism. The cell line starts to show myogenesis when it riches 100% confluency. But when transferred to differentiation medium, the cells quickly increase myogenesis and differentiation results to the formation of myotubes (Ricotti et al 2012) Results The experiment started by setting up 2 well plates and allowed to proliferate for about 4 days and then allowed to differentiate for about 10 days. These were 2 well plates out of six. The remaining 4 well plates were set by the laboratory demonstrators. Two of the remaining well plates that contained C2C12 were seeded on the day 1 before of the Lab# 3. The other two wells in the culture containing C2C12 were seeded on day 4 and they represented Day 4-time point. The proliferation extent was accessed by comparing the C2C12 cells seed on day and day 4 (figure 2). In the case of more cells in day 4 than day 1 proved that the proliferation might have occurred. Differentiation was to be accessed by comparing the day 1 cell and day 4. In case there is different cells, that shows that the differentiation took place. During 2-4 labs, effect of dexamethasone on C2C12 cell proliferation was evaluated. A control experiment was set for day1,2 and 14 (Figure 3) and each treated with dexamethasone. In order to access the effect of the dexamethasone on cell line proliferation, 100uM dexamethasone was incubated one of the 2-day 4 cell well plates. The number of cells in the control day 4 well was compared with the experiment treated day 4 well. The number of cell that were present in each of the cell wells of all the cultured plates during differentiation may affect the extent to which differentiation is attained. If a big number of cells recorded in a well at the beginning of differentiation stage, that shows the interaction of cells to form myotubes. Cell viability Proliferated and differentiated cells of C2C12 were then fixed using 10% neutral buffered formalin. Then they were stained using eosin and hematoxylin. The morphologies of these cells were then accessed by counting cell on the hemocytometer. The following cell count were observed from the secondary square of hemocytometer. These were the cells that took up the trypan blue in their cytoplasm and nucleus. From the outer corner of the hemocytometer, 7 cells were observed at the top and 3cells on top left. The secondary square at the outer border of the hemocytometer grid, the following number of cells were observed. Square# 2 had 4 clear cells, 6 blue cells. Square #3 1 clear cell, 2 blue cells. Square #4 3clear cells and 4clear cells. Using immunocytochemistry to access C2C12 cell proteins The main objective of the lab was to study how to do immunocytochemistry on proliferation and differentiation of C2C12. Protein Proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was also analyzed and the Myosin heavy chain (MHC) on the 3rd and 7th day. Glucocorticoid receptors localization in control and DMSO were assessed on the 3rd day. Immunocytochemistry was performed on fixed C2C12 cells from the 3rd and 7th day. Proliferation and differentiation was assessed on the two days consecutively in the experimental procedures described in 2nd and 3rd lab. One dish of the cells was fluorescently labeled for myosin heavy chain (MHC), Glucocorticoid or PCNA using secondary and primary antibodies. PCNA and (MHC) was assessed on third and seventh day using C2C12. Protein expression differed between differentiation and Proliferation of C2C12 Cells. Glucocorticoid was assessed on the 3rd day in control and C2C12 cell treated with dexamethasone. C2C12 cells treated with the dexamethasone were put insi de dexamethasone for a period of 24 hours before fixed on the day 3. The time period allowed for dexamethasone initiated glucocorticoid receptor and its transfer to the nucleus. Discussion To our own understanding, this is the first demonstration does not only induce proliferation and differentiation. Dexamethasone also causes hypertrophy in muscles depending on the differentiation stage at the point of application. The effect caused by dexamethasone is step-dependent. Dexamethasone observed at myoblast cause hypertrophy in muscles and enhances myotube differentiation as well. Similar case has been observed when the myotube were treated using dexamethasone one of the glucocorticoids. The main objective this Lab test was to investigate the effect that would be caused by glucocorticoid in differentiation and proliferation processes of C2C12 cells. More emphasis focused on the dexamethasone which demonstrated the genes that were involved in the proliferation and differentiation. A vital thing that was investigated in the experiment was C2C12 cells with dexamethasone, PCNA and myosin heavy chain. This treatment aimed at the growth stimulation of the cells as well as to accelerate differentiation process. (Figure 1,2,3) shows that treating C2C12 cell with dexamethasone resulted to a significant high number of C2C12 cells proliferation. This observation is in agreement with what was recorded by (D'Angelo et al 2012) who described C2C12 cell growth and differentiation stimulation with glucocorticoids producing almost similar results. Again (Fujimoto et al 2012) s howed the impact of glucocorticoid on the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Some of the results obtained at different points of the day, showed that differentiation can be accelerated significantly when exposed to dexamethasone. The same results have been illustrated by (Goljanek et al 2012) in the experiment done to show the pivotal for C2C12 cells myoblast differentiation. The hemocytometer was used in the counting of the cells according to (Riss et al 2016). The secondary square on the hemocytometer has got about 9 squares. Each of those square measure around one mm squared. The central part is the counting region on the hemocytometer. Only those cells lined on the two lines of the big square are suppost to be counted (Shenoy et al 2014). According to (Minetti et al 2014) the suspension must be diluted enough to prevent counting some of the cells a second time due to overlap. The purpose of using Trypan Blue was to differentiate between the blue cells (dead cells) from the clear cells (live cells). The staining method is also called the dye exclusion staining. The counting of cells done provided us with a % visibility cells of 40.74% and the cell density of 375000cell/ml (Figure5). The data was obtained using the light microscope where the magnification technique was to be applied in order to reach the desired cell type (Huri et al 2014). The cells in the chosen square were counted so that the total number of cells required was to be a significant statistical count (Alberts et al 2013). Discussion Questions. Myogenic index is termed as the number of nuclei that are contained in the cells that have more than nuclei divided by the total number of cell nuclei provided in the image taken. These images are then used to solve the myogenic index by finding the percentage number of nuclei in the myotubes using Jenner-Giemsa culture. The culture should be put in the differentiation media and incubated for five days. Giemsa G25 (Sigma Aldrich) is used to fix the cells and then three different photos are captured. The nuclei in the myotube and those in the cells are then counted in each photo. Myogenic index is then calculated by dividing the total number of nuclei in the cell by total number of nuclei in the myotubes. Myogenesis is the process being determined. Increase in the myogenic index shows accuracy in the experimental images whereby several nuclei are captured (Srikuea et al 2012) C6orf32 gene is gene found in chromosome 6 and its expression multiples during the differentiation of the human fetal myoblast. It is expressed both in non- myogenic and primary cells and is separated from the 18th week of human fetal development. Experiments on c2c12 murine myoblast cell revealed that cells without c60rf32 shows a myogenic differentiation defect while when it is expressed in excess, it accelerates the formation of filopodia. This gene plays a number of functioning like filopodia formation, cytoskeletal arrangement and promotion of myogenic cell differentiation. The gene c6orf32 is specialized to specific functions whereby the cells lacking this gene are unable to perform those functions and thus results to serial defects (Thrivikraman et al 2013) Immunochemistry experimental design can be used in visualization of specific proteins. In the cells. In the experimental process, two antibodies are used in the targeting of a particular protein. These two antibodies are the secondary antibody and primary antibody. Secondary antibodies with fluorophore binds on the target and binds to the primary antibodies. Therefore, when one is performing immunochemistry, its important to use correct fixative. A secondary antibody must bind to primary antibodies other than non-specific antigen. Serum contains an array of the antibodies. Hence it should be blocked because it might block the binding of secondary and primary antibodies (Shi et al 2013). References D'Angelo, M. A., Gomez-Cavazos, J. S., Mei, A., Lackner, D. H., Hetzer, M. W. (2012). A change in nuclear pore complex composition regulates cell differentiation. Developmental cell, 22(2), 446-458. Fujimoto, Y., Abematsu, M., Falk, A., Tsujimura, K., Sanosaka, T., Juliandi, B., ... Nakashima, K. (2012). Treatment of a mouse model of spinal cord injury by transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell?derived long?term self?renewing neuroepithelial?like stem cells. Stem Cells, 30(6), 1163-1173. Goljanek-Whysall, K., Pais, H., Rathjen, T., Sweetman, D., Dalmay, T., Mnsterberg, A. (2012). Regulation of multiple target genes by miR-1 and miR-206 is pivotal for C2C12 myoblast differentiation. J Cell Sci, 125(15), 3590-3600. Ricotti, L., Polini, A., Genchi, G. G., Ciofani, G., Iandolo, D., Vazao, H., ... Pisignano, D. (2012). Proliferation and skeletal myotube formation capability of C2C12 and H9c2 cells on isotropic and anisotropic electrospun nanofibrous PHB scaffolds. Biomedical Materials, 7(3), 035010 Srikuea, R., Zhang, X., Park-Sarge, O. K., Esser, K. A. (2012). VDR and CYP27B1 are expressed in C2C12 cells and regenerating skeletal muscle: potential role in suppression of myoblast proliferation. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 303(4), C396-C405. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., ... Walter, P. (2013). Essential cell biology. Garland Science. Thrivikraman, G., Mallik, P. K., Basu, B. (2013). Substrate conductivity dependent modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Biomaterials, 34(29), 7073-7085. Shi, K., Lu, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Li, J., Qi, B., ... Ma, C. (2013). MicroRNA-214 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells by targeting Osterix. Bone, 55(2), 487-494. Huri, P. Y., Wang, A., Spector, A. A., Grayson, W. L. (2014). Multistage adipose-derived stem cell myogenesis: an experimental and modeling study. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 7(4), 497-509. Luo, W., Wu, H., Ye, Y., Li, Z., Hao, S., Kong, L., ... Zhang, X. (2014). The transient expression of miR-203 and its inhibiting effects on skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell death disease, 5(7), e1347. Minetti, G. C., Feige, J. N., Bombard, F., Heier, A., Morvan, F., Nrnberg, B., ... Fornaro, M. (2014). Gi2 signaling is required for skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology, 34(4), 619-630. Shenoy, A., Blelloch, R. H. (2014). Regulation of microRNA function in somatic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 15(9), 565. Riss, T. L., Moravec, R. A., Niles, A. L., Duellman, S., Benink, H. A., Worzella, T. J., Minor, L. (2016). Cell viability assays. Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Parker, J. (2017). Brock biology of microorganisms (Vol. 13). Pearson.

Sweatshop and Walmart Canada free essay sample

SweatshopBibliography Chelsey and Breanna Buckland, Jason. â€Å"More Walmarts in Canada: good or bad? † Canada MSN, February 23, 2010. http://www. everydaymoney. ca/2010/02/more-walmarts-in-canada-good-or-bad. html. â€Å"Company Profile. † Walmart Canada, 2013. http://walmartcanada. ca/Pages/Company%20Profile/168/163/163. â€Å"Complete News Walmart workers demand right to unionize. † Youtube CA, April 8, 2013. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=8f5Wr8bnCr8. â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility Report. † Walmart Canada, July 2012. http://www. walmartcsr. ca/. Davenport, Ruth. â€Å"Walmart Wins Sweat Shop Retailer of the Year. † Gauntlet, November 30, 2000. ttp://www. thegauntlet. ca/story/wal-mart-wins-sweatshop-retailer-year. Grant, Tavia. â€Å"The Wal-Mart effect: food inflation tame in Canada. † The Globe and Mail, last modifiedFebruary 7, 2011. http://www. theglobeandmail. com/report-on-business/economy/economylab/the-walmart-effect -food-inflation-tame-in-canada/article611494/. Griffiths, Katherine. â€Å"Walmart Crushes Union by Closing Store. † Rense. com, 2005. http://rense. com/general65/union. htm. â€Å"History. † Walmart Canada, 2013. http://walmartcanada. ca/Pages/History/168/170/170. Murray, David. â€Å"Issues: Why Wal-Mart Is Bad For Canada. † Pitt Meadows, July 12, 2011. http://www. ittmeadowstoday. ca/issues-why-wal-mart-is-bad-for-canada/. Norman, Al. Wal-Mart Worlds Most Hated Company. We will write a custom essay sample on Sweatshop and Walmart Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Huff Post: Business Canada, April 9, 2008. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/al-norman/new-canadian-film-wal-mar_b_95758. html. â€Å"Retaliating First. † The Economist, Walmart in Canada, February 24, 2005. http://www. economist. com/node/3706455. Rosenfeld, Herman. â€Å"Challenging Walmart. † Global Research, Mach 13, 2007. http://www. globalresearch. ca/challengingwal-mart/5073. Snyder, Michael. â€Å"Is Wal-Mart Evil? 20 Shocking Facts. † EconMatters, July 5, 2012. http://www. econmatters. com/2012/07/is-wal-mart-evil-20-shocking-facts. tml. â€Å"The Bay, Wal-Mart top sweatshop award. † CBC News, April 15, 2003. http://www. cbc. ca/news/story/2002/12/19/sweatshops_021219. html. â€Å"Wal-Mart./. Are Sweat Shops Hurting or Harming Third World Countries? † WriteWork, November2003. http://www. writework. com/essay/wal-mart-sweat-shops-hurting-harming-third-worldcountries. â€Å"Wal-Mart changed Canadian retail. Can it save India? † Maclean’s, September 20, 2012. http://www2. macleans. ca/2012/09/20/wal-mart-changed-canadian-retail-can-it-save-india/. â€Å"Wal-Mart: Destroying the local economy in surprising ways. † Canadian Cynic, September 22, 2005. http://canadiancynic. logspot. ca/2005/09/walmart-destroying-local-economy-in. html. â€Å"Wal-Mart Nation MC Lars. † Youtube CA, January 29, 2008. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=PULFg7erYGI. Weinberg, Paul. â€Å"Wal-Marts Anti-Union Tactics. † News: Straight Goods Canada, May 1, 2005. http://www. straightgoods. ca/ViewFeature5. cfm? REF=219amp;Cookies=yes. â€Å"You can make a difference in a company as big as ours. † Youtube CA, October 31, 2011. http://www. youtube. com/watch ? feature=player_embeddedamp;v=PN8ZJmU8s00. â€Å"2012 Canadian Champions, Presented by Walmart Canada. † Youtube CA, December 17, 2012. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=95vI0sRgr4s.

Rate and Collision Theory free essay sample

For this assignment, you will be designing a lab to investigate factors that affect the rate of a reaction. You are not required to conduct the experiment, but it may be beneficial to do so if you can acquire the materials needed for your design. The reaction that you will be investigating is the reaction that occurs when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is placed into a given amount of water. Alka-Seltzer is an over-the-counter antacid and pain relief medication that is dissolved in water before it is ingested. Each tablet contains aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. As the tablet dissolves in water, the bicarbonate ions in the tablet react with the hydrogen ions from the acids that are also contained in the tablet. The carbon dioxide gas that is produced by the reaction is what causes the bubbling that can be observed. HCO3- (aq) + H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g) In this investigation, you will design an experiment to determine what two factors will increase the rate of the reaction above, and then compare the effectiveness of each factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Rate and Collision Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important that in each investigation you control all other variables that could affect the rate of the reaction. The document that you submit to your instructor should include the following sections: materials, procedure, and conclusion. Instructions and suggestions are provided below to help you make sure that each section of your document is complete. I really have no idea what Im doing and Im just writing a bunch of stuff so I can look at another paper to copy because I hate chemistry and have no idea how to do this. I need serious help with this, I hate it so much and want to get it over with. What the heck do I do with this, what do I do man, what do I do. I need help with this stuff, please, if youd be so kind as to allow this to pass through so I can get to the paper, you stupid website. I hate chemistry so much and I wish it a horrible painful death, okay there. I said it, what are you going to do about it, science, what?

article 23 essays

article 23 essays Universal Declaration Of Human Rights -Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment- Article 23 has established how the free enterprise has evolved. Choice is a key element of free enterprise. Workers have the right to choose where to work and who to work for. Article 23 clearly states people have the right to work. Another feature in the free enterprise system is competition. In Article 23 it says people have the right to a free choice of employment. This creates competition between businesses so they strive to keep their best employees. In Article 23 people have the protection against unemployment, and the free enterprise relies on individuals, not the government so Article 23 lets people own or work so our economy can succeed. An example for freedom of choice of employment is if I want to open a business and I want to hire a guy named Bob out of college. In the free enterprise system Bob has the right to work for me. Bob has the right to work where he chooses. If Bob were smart he would work for a business with lots of competition, because if the competition is there and the business is doing well he might get paid more, if the business isnt very competitive then the business wont do as well. Lets say, I hired Bob and two months later I decide to dismiss (fire) him because he I need to down size my business. Bob has the right to get another job in this field so he isnt unemployed, which will help keep the economy running because he will provide his skills for another business in need. ...

Ming Dynasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ming Dynasty - Essay Example The essay "Ming Dynasty" analyzes the period of the rise of Ming dynasty which controlled China between 1368 and 1644. It was founded by the emperor whose aim was to see the success of dynasty after the fall of the previous empire. Ming dynasty was a prosperous period and respected cultural values. Ming dynasty was a period of cultural revival, expansion, and economic revival. Zhu Yuanzang reign made several changes, which include cutting taxes, and ensuring the government was cooperative. He also reorganized the administration. This period also saw the rise of military prowess. The number of the army improved significantly. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu who was a known sailor he improved foreign relation whenever he landed. His voyage saw an improved relationship with countries far away from China. In the final period of this dynasty saw improved trade activities. The dynasty usually traded in agricultural produce. This saw an improved income hence the economy became stable an d could sustain itself. There was also the revival of agriculture by Emperor Hongwu. This led to a production of surplus agricultural commodities. The excess produce was then sold to areas that he voyaged and this provided income to the dynasty. The progress the dynasty was faced with various challenges such as drought that affected agriculture. This led to various rebellions that saw the fall of the dynasty. This period had potential to improve China greatly. The failures at the end saw the decline of that progress to the level it started.

Vietnam and Singapore's Special Education Compared with that of the US Research Paper

Vietnam and Singapore's Special Education Compared with that of the US - Research Paper Example It is then noteworthy to look into the special education systems of these two countries and compare them with that of America’s. Regarding its history, Singapore’s SPED progressed irregularly. The major initiators were charitable organizations. As time passed, the government passed legislations and formed departments for proper facilitation. In 1947, Trafalgar Home was founded. It was for children with leprosy. In 1949, a center catering to crippled children was founded by the British Red Cross Society. By 1951, the same society also offered education for the deaf. After five years, a school was put up by the Association of the Blind. In 1957, there focus was given to those with cerebral palsy with the formation of Spastic Children’s Association. In 1962, the Singapore Association for Retarded Children (now known as Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore) was created. This association widened the horizon of special education by not only involving t hose with physical and sensory needs but those with intellectual disabilities as well (Tan, â€Å"Education in Singapore: Special Needs). Concerning its government, Singapore was colonized by Britain in 1819. However, during World War II, it was captured by the Japanese. In 1945, it was freed by British soldiers. In 1946, Singapore became a separate crown colony. On June 3, 1959, it was made a self-governing state in the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1963, it joined Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak to form Malaysia. After two years, Singapore separated from Malaysia and became a sovereign state as well as a member of the United Nations. In the same year (1965), it was proclaimed as a republic (â€Å"History of Singapore Colonization†). As for Vietnam, there are no distinct SPED- related organizations in its history. The education in Vietnam during feudal and colonial periods lacked stability leading to haphazard structures. Traditionally, it is a country built on Confucian-or iented education. However, it was replaced by French-Vietnamese education during its colonization at the end of 19th and first half of 20th centuries. This kind of education immobilized the rights of the Vietnamese since it was for the purposes of serving the colonizers. During their independence in 1945, their president, Ho Chi Minh advocated against illiteracy and formed an education system towards independence and rehabilitation. Within a year, there were 75,000 literacy classes and almost 96,000 teachers serving 2.5 million citizens. Since then the government maintained a public education. However, during the US air force attacks in 1965-1972, a number of schools were destroyed. Gradually, education was much influenced by North-American domination. In April 1975, Vietnam’s regions were reunited and they were able to achieve full independence. Several reforms were made concerning education. Included in the changes from 1986 to 2005 was the categorization of learning activi ties corresponding to students’ abilities. Specialized schools were established for gifted children (â€Å"Education in Vietnam: Development History, Challenges, Solutions† 2). The United States’ SPED history when it comes to its legislation is quite ample. These developments are also valuable since other countries are adapting these provisions. In the early 1900s, its education system offered compulsory education. However, many children with special needs were not welcome in numerous schools. Most of the rights of children

Important challenge facing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Important challenge facing management - Essay Example Other times the employee’s pay is low with minimal benefits. This could greatly affect an employee. Some employees also lack the necessary skills and qualifications required for the job. There are many ways to address the issue of employee performance. Proper pay and remuneration of employees will motivate them to work harder and more effectively. It is also important to have effective screening processes to ensure that the ideal worker gets the job, which they are most comfortable doing. This ensures that one excels in their area of specialization (DuBrin, 2009). It is also necessary to set a good example for the employees. They need motivation by the leadership of the organization, and this should inspire them to work harder. One should also engage in creative discussion with the employees so that they can freely voice their opinions concerning work and the workplace environment. This will help tackle the issue of employee

Case Study of Child Rights: Matilda Film Case

Case Study of Child Rights: Matilda Film Case Introduction This assignment is going to be about human rights their origins and development regarding young people and children. One media source has to be chosen to allow me to explore a current issue related to the rights of children and I have chosen (Matilda 1996) and I will provide a debate or argument which assesses how the theme of my media source can be seen. I will look at the policies related to rights of children in the care and analyse the media source alongside some of the theories and I should think how these ideas play out in reality. My media source Matilda I will be looking at power and powerlessness and the notion of advocacy and at the end of the essay I will summarise and pull together all the arguments. Rights and Participation According to Ehall (2016) in Article 12 of the convention on the rights of the child it says every child has the right to participate in decision making which is relevant to their lives. The concept of childrens involvement of decision making is embodied within The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child (UNCRC) (UNICEF 1989),which regards   children and young people as being citizens in their own right and having some level of autonomy over their lives (willow,2005,Lancaster and Broadbent,2003) The movie is about a 6 year old girl who lives with her mean parents and her brother. They ignored her and never listened to what she said or asked for. Matilda taught herself how to read and used to go to the library every time her mother left her home alone while she went for bingo. Mrs Phelps from the library helped with an advanced reading list and took some books home to read every day. Matilda was a very intelligent girl she developed telekinetic powers according to Benjamin (2013) telekinetic powers make a person move objects through the mind. Matilda got sent off to a school headed by a cruel principal Trunchbull. Matilda was put in a class where she met her wonderful teacher Miss Honey who was very different from her mean parents and cruel principal. On the first day of school her teacher Miss Honey realised how smart Matilda is then she went to ask Trunchbull if Matilda could go to a higher class but Trunchbull was mean and cruel to Miss honey. Miss Honey invited Matilda at her house for tea after Trunchbull blames Matilda for putting a newt in glass she was drinking water from. Miss Honey tells Matilda about her past her mother died and how her mean aunt Trunchbull ruined her life and Miss Honey suspects that her aunt might have killed her father and stolen all her money. Matilda puts her telekinetic powers to practise to help Miss honey to get her stuff back from her aunt Trunchbull. Trunchbull visits miss Honeys class and she was being abusive to the children till she was interrupted by a piece of chalk that was writing on it on, on the chalk board. It wrote Trunchbull needs to give back everything she stole from Miss Honey then she passed out and this was all Matildas telekinetic powers and Trunchbull though it was Miss Honeys father who passed away. Trunchbull obeyed all the instructions. Miss honey moved back to her fathers house and starts living a happy and decent life again. Matilda who visits Miss Honey everyday get moved up to the schools highest class. One day she finds out that her parents are planning to move to Spain because they were running away from the police because her father used to sell bad car parts to customers.   Matilda refused to go with them and she took out some adoption papers so her parents can sign them then Miss Honey can adopt her. The parents signed the papers then Miss Honey and Matilda lived happy ever after together. Later on in the movie Miss Honey became a good advocate for Matilda. Miss Honey supported and helped Matilda to develop her skills and she also tried to speak to Matildas parents who did not care about what she said at all so that she could gain their support but they were not interested which made Miss honey and Matildas connection strong. She helped Matilda by giving her the voice and confidence she encouraged her to continue with her reading so she can reach her maximum potential Matildas powers where first seen when her father stopped her from reading and book and forced her to watch television. Matilda became very angry when her father was holding her head still forcing her to watch television she glanced at the television till it exploded her powers seem to show up when she feels she is powerless. When her father took away what matters to her, powers took what matters to her father. Matilda was angered by her principal she blamed her for putting a newt in her glass of water she felt powerless whenever she felt powerlessness her powers reveal and tipped over the glass and tossed the newt onto the principal using her powers. This is whats happening to Matilda and her rights, Matildas parents ignored and mistreated her when she spoke about school because they did not see how intelligent she is. Matilda asked for a book from her father and the whole family laughed at her then she discovered a local library at the age of four she walked there every day to read while she was left alone at home. At the age of six and the half she lost patience with her parents expressing a desire to go to school her father continued to criticise her angrily then she thought of punishing her father. Every child has the right to education Harry her father ended up enrolling Matilda into school, Matildas rights where put in to consideration. Matilda was discriminated by her principal Trunchbull who treated her unfairly from other children because her vehicle barely made it into the school yard and she took out her frustration on Matilda because her father sold Trunchbull a faulty car she was locked up in the chokey ,a tall narrow closet lined with nails and broken glass. Miss Honey came to rescue Matilda because no child is mean to be treated that way and took Matilda back to class.

Religion in Society Essay -- Essays Papers

Religion in Society Miriam, Deborah and Huldah all are names of prophets from the Bible; they also all happen to be women. There are even two books in the Bible about women, Esther and Ruth. Psalm 68:11 reads, "The Lord gives the command; the women who proclaim the good tidings are a great host." With all of this support for women, why are they treated as the inferior sex in the church? The article, â€Å"Women and Gender; Reading the Bible through the Eyes of Women,† states that it is â€Å"crucial that women have the same opportunities and freedom of expression as men in the Church, so that the entire community may benefit from their contribution.† However, many churches do not allow women to play a role in the services, and most do not allow there to be a woman priest or pastor. Lori Beamen points out that fact that, â€Å"Although women frequently do the same work as men, they are denied the authority that accompanies those tasks when performed by men.† Statistics even show that 69.9% of women attend church more often than once a year opposed to 58.2% of men. So how can women put in so much time and do all of this work, and still be denied authority? Even though there are instances in the Bible that support women, many people use the Bible to limit women’s roles in the church and to show women are inferior in general. Some feel that since Adam was created first, and it was Eve who was responsible for the eating of the fruit, men are superior. However, the Women and Gender article notes that â€Å"When God told Adam and Eve to be fruitful and multiply, He did not talk to Adam alone. He addressed the two of them together as two equals, to whom He gave a common task. And that is exactly what partners are: two people who are equ... ...r verse. Paul writes in Galatians 3: 28-29, â€Å"There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.† The role of women was enhanced by Christianity and faith in Christ transcends differences and makes all believers one in Christ. Nobody is more superior than the other and if we all remember that, the better the church will function as a whole, no matter if the teachers are male or female. Bibliography African Church Information Service (2003, December 1). â€Å"Women and Gender; Reading the Bible through the Eyes of Women.† AllAfrica, Inc. Beamen, Lori. Introduction. (2004) Sociology of Religion. Wallace, Ruth A. â€Å"The Social Construction of a New Leadership Role: Catholic Women Pastors.† Sociology of Religion, p. 136.

Manage own performance in a business environment Essay

Outcome 1: Understand how to plan and prioritise work and be accountable to others 1.1 The purpose and benefit of planning work is that it gives you a rough estimate of how long the work will take, what equipment or resources will be needed to complete the work and what budget will be needed it also makes it easier for you to plan your day to day work. If you are then asked what work you have been doing you can show them therefore being accountable for your work. 1.2 The purpose and benefits of negotiating realistic targets for work is that you can give yourself time to complete the job without giving yourself extra stress when running out of time and also making sure there is sufficient time that the job is completed to the required standard .You can do this by discussions with colleagues on how long tasks may take and planning each stage to ensure that each stage is completed on time so you know that you are keeping to the targets for the whole project to be finished on time. 1.3 It is best to prioritise targets with the most urgent tasks being high priority then work out how long each task may take and break it down into steps a diary is a good tool so you can put each step into the diary to help you keep on target. 1.4 The types of problems that can occur during work are: A higher priority task may be given to you Staff absences Equipment failure E.g. problems with computer These problems can be dealt with by informing the manager that there may be a problem with completing on time so any necessary adjustments can be made, having other members of staff available to cover absences and reporting  equipment failure to the necessary people as soon as possible as to get repairs done quickly. 1.5 It is important to keep other people informed on the progress because it helps them to see what targets have been reached and as to whether there may be a delay in completing the task. 1.6 It is important to let other people know if work plans need to be changed so that they in turn can change their work plan to ensure that the job is still completed on time and to a high standard 1.7 The benefit of recognising mistakes is to ensure that the same mistakes are not made twice, this will benefit the company be saving them time and money as the task will not need doing again. You can learn from your mistakes be recognising what you did wrong and taking steps to ensure that the same thing doesn’t happen again. 1.8 The purpose of guidelines and procedures is that, you know what has to be done and how it has to be done. There is no chance for you to go wrong, and make mistakes. The purpose of this Code of Practice is to establish clear and mutual expectations. This helps to minimise the risks and problems of personal difficulties, problems with supervision, or bad performance. Outcome 2: Understand how to behave in a way that supports effective working. 2.1The purpose of setting high standards for my own work is to enable me to do my best and therefore produce work of a high standard. 2.2Ways of setting high standards for my work involves me talking to my line manager and agreeing ways as to how I can improve my performance then each day trying to produce work of a higher standard. 2.3The best way to deal with pressure arising from work tasks is to make sure you allow your self enough time to complete tasks when nearing a  deadline and work is not completed the best way to deal with the pressure is to keep yourself disciplined and ensure you keep to your plan of work and at the same time talking to your line manager and other colleagues to explain the pressure that you are under so that between you all you can come to an arrangement to get the work completed. 2.4When a setback occurs you need to accept that this is part of life but at the same time do what is needed to try and lesson the effect of the set back on your colleagues and the company as a whole and learn from the set back to try and prevent it from happening again. 2.5It is important to be assertive so that any points or suggestions that you make are listened to and your opinion is taken seriously it is also important to be assertive so that you feel confident to say no when being given more work than you can handle this will benefit you and the company as it will reduce the pressure on yourself therefore leaving you more able to do you work to a higher standard. 2.6It is necessary to be assertive when there is the need to say no when you have high priority work to complete but are also been given more work that may not be so urgent. It is also important to be assertive in meetings and staff reviews to ensure that you get your point across so you and your colleagues are aware of your and their own goals and responsibilities. 2.7 It is important to be able to be ready to take on new challenges and adapt to change as this challenges you as a person and improves your quality of work also being able to adapt to change is important as everything in life changes especially regarding to technology so not being able to adapt will make it difficult for you to do your work efficiently therefore having a negative effect on you and the company. 2.8The purpose of treating others with honesty, respect and consideration is that when working in a team everyone needs to feel that they are being treated fairly this will enable the team to be able to run more smoothly while also building a good working relationship within the team and work  will be produced to a higher standard. 2.9Types of behaviour that show honesty, respect and consideration are: Listening to others points of view and opinions Always speaking the truth yourself Encouragement Praising colleagues on work well done Treating people fairly Respecting others feelings Types of behaviour that do not show honesty, respect and consideration are: Telling lies yourself Running people down to other members of staff Not valuing other peoples feelings Not treating everyone the same Picking fault with others work rather than using tact and diplomacy Ignoring or not listening to others points of view and opinions 2.10The purpose and benefit of helping and supporting others at work are that you are building a healthy working relationship and being an important part of a team this will enable everyone to get on well and therefore they will produce better quality work. Supporting the people you work with builds their confidence as well as your own whilst showing that you can support the team being part of the team or as their team leader.

The Life of John Marshall essays

The Life of John Marshall essays Born in 1755 and dying in 1835, John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, is a greatly respected and revered historical figure and person, even after death. Besides his impressive collection of official accomplishments and positions held, Marshalls presence throughout the Revolutionary War and after had much influence on the circumstances happening around him. John Marshall was born on September 24th to Mary Randolph Keith and Thomas Marshall in Germantown, Virginia. Being the first of 15 children, John grew up in a large family. Although his parents were not formally educated, they were considered adequately educated for the times and held a significant social, religious, and political status in Fauquier County where they lived. Books were hard to obtain, but John managed to get his hands on some and became enthralled with the writings of Shakespeare, Dryden, and Pope by the time he was twelve. In 1767 John received his first bit of formal education when a young Scottish minister came to live with his family for a year. It had long been Thomas Marshalls dream for his son to be a lawyer and he tried to give John every advantage he could. In 1780 John took a six-week course at William and Mary College, where he attended law lectures and philosophy classes. John Marshall had an impressive military career. During the Revolutionary War, John distinguished himself serving as a member of the 3rd Virginia Regiment. He joined the Culpeper Minute Men and was chosen as Lieutenant and fought in many well-known battles, such as Bunker Hill, with his father. It was during Benedict Arnolds invasion in 1780, when Marshall first started his disliking for Thomas Jefferson. Marshall had heard the stories about Jefferson fleeing shamelessly without first warning other of attack and disapproved of them greatly. In 1788 he became the captain of the Continental Army. By the end of the war, he was ...

Percentage and Percentile

Percentage and Percentile Percentage and Percentile Percentage and Percentile By Maeve Maddox The following paragraph occurred in the denunciation of a certain person in a letter to the editor in my local paper: He has obstructed the most wholesome and necessary programs which provide for the common good, and has awarded massive financial advantages to a small percentile of the rich. This erroneous substitution of the word percentile for percentage merits attention. This is not the first time Ive encountered it. Some speakers and writers may feel that percentile sounds more high class than more ordinary percentage; the word may therefore be in danger of catching on as a genteelism, like disinterested for uninterested. A percentage is a part of a whole expressed in hundredths. It can also mean, as the letter writer intended, an indeterminate part of a number. Merriam-Webster defines percentile as the value of the statistical variable that marks the boundary between any two consecutive intervals in a distribution of 100 intervals each containing one percent of the total population called also centile The College Board site explains the use of percentiles this way: Percentiles compare your scores to those of other students who took the test. Say, for example, your critical reading score is 500. If the national percentile for a score of 500 is 47, then this means you did better than 47 percent of the national group of college-bound seniors. (NOTE: An NPR score reports comparative rank among test-takers, not necessarily mastery of a subject.) The only time to use the word percentile is when talking about statistics. For everything else, theres percentage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Yay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Women in Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in Engineering - Essay Example The first six clippings are analyzed in detail whereas the rest of them are summed up into an aggregate account in the end. The analysis throws light on the overall perspective which is affecting the economy of the US nation as a whole. FIRST CLIPPING â€Å"Women who leave engineering jobs after obtaining the necessary degree are significantly more likely to leave the field because of an uncomfortable work climate than because of family reasons, according to a study being undertaken at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM).† (Science Daily, 2008) The above mentioned news clipping revolves around the most current problem that is being faced by women engineers nowadays. The overall ethical structure of the society and more importantly that of a workplace has deteriorated so very much that day by day it is becoming increasingly difficult for the fairer sex to take advantage of it. The above mentioned current problem is very moral negating. ... The above research was the outcome of a latest study conducted in Milwaukee using about half a million grant by the National Science Foundation. The study was based on an online survey. Around 3700 women who had done their engineering degree from over 230 countries participated in the survey. Among the four type of respondents women who never entered their practical engineering field constituted a considerable part. THIRD CLIPPING â€Å"As the need for engineering professionals grows, educators and industry leaders are increasingly concerned with how to attract women to a traditional male career. A new University of Missouri study found the impact of the engineering curriculum and obstacles, including self-efficacy and feelings of inclusion, can impede women’s success in the predominantly male discipline of engineering.† (Science Daily, 2008) Engineering is a predominantly male discipline. The structural difficulties and obstacles encountered by students pursuing this c areer needs to be taken into account when realizing the reasons behind its being predominantly male. Engineering is mainly a tough field. The excessive hours spent in it along with the harsh conditions involved in the practical environment of engineering are not apart from the difficulties that are faced by engineering students during their studies. Rigid mathematical calculations involving calculus are just a few of the obstacles that the engineering curriculum involves. This scenario is making it troublesome for industrialists because lesser and lesser women are entering the field of engineering day by day. The need of the day is that steps should be taken that would persuade women and would convince them

Should Newspapers Shut Down Their Presses (responses) Assignment

Should Newspapers Shut Down Their Presses (responses) - Assignment Example I think that the youth around the world would rather have access to news when they want it. Unlike Fahri’s viewpoint that we will have to worry about all media organizations, I think with the increase of digital media, there will actually be more media outlets instead of less. Post Two: I think that Farhi’s argument that printing news is adaptable but only if papers printed all of the time. By the time news hits the press, it is all over the web. By the next day when it hits the newsstands, it is old news, actually making it less efficient. What is the point of calling it news if it is old? I disagree that it will affect all news sources. I am siding with Shirky in the fact that newspapers are old and the wave of the digital world are increasing. There are now more opportunities to share news online. People that are growing older are starting to dabble in using technology so while newspapers will not phase out completely because some still like to hold that paper in their hands and read it, they will find that what they are really interested in can be found online and even local news that is relevant even in small towns can be found on social media sites. Post Three: I feel like that there has to be at least one side to every argument. However, being a student learning about journalism and being young at that, I think we have to acknowledge and embrace change. What happened to radio? More people are listening to satellite radio or stations that provide specific music. Traditional radio phased out. Newspapers will do the same. There might be a few that hang around for the sake of people who like to hold a newspaper but with reading devices such as the Nook or Kindle, you can read the digital versions immediately. Everything that we need to know can be found through the Internet. I am with Shirky on the fact that newspapers will not adapt but instead society will adapt without newspapers.

Fiedler and Garcias Cognitive Resource Theory Essay

Fiedler and Garcia - Essay Example The theory predicts that uncertainty and stress are the two factors, which worry a leader. Fiedler connects this to his Least Preferred Co-worker Theory (LPC theory) where a high LPC leader will be more likely to give high scores to the people he has worked with earlier while a low LPC leader will be more inclined to assign low scores for the same. When the control of a leader over a situation and his LPC score are in tune with each other, good performance of leadership will result. Again, when a low LPC score leader is in a situation of moderate control and high LPC leaders are in situations of high control or low control, the LPC and situational control are not in line with each other. The transition from his â€Å"in match† condition to the not â€Å"in match† condition will bring about stress and worries in the leader owing to a â€Å"perceived inability to deal with situations of this nature† (Miner, 2005, p.250). When a particular circumstance causes anxiety in the leader he tries to gain confidence from his â€Å"previous successful reinforced behavioral patterns†. On one hand, the effective level finds this behavior has dealt with earlier cases of dealing with interpersonal issues while on the other hand, the cognitive level finds that such behaviors show what one learned from experience. The efficacy of the behavior of the leader is conditioned by the matching of the situations’ demands and the leader’s response to the same. Thus the model works under two assumptions. First, managers let their subordinates know their plans via directive behavior and second, leaders with greater experience and smartness have better decision-making ability than the ones who are less intelligent or experienced. Hence, one may say that when a leader is under stressful conditions, intelligence does not function efficiently or with full effect and even might have a negative impact. A leader should search for previous experience under similar situations from where he might derive some strength and decision making power. Again under a high-stress scenario, the intelligence is often damaged, but experience might help the leader respond well to the situation. Again when the task is simple then the leaders’ effectiveness does not matter because even the subordinate will be able to handle it. (Cognitive Resource Theory n.d.) Therefore when the situation is stressful a leader with greater experience will be more reliable to handle it. When a leader has the lesser level of experience he should undertake relatively stress-free assignments and the level of stress should be gradually increased with experience.            

Gdp And Economic Welfare Essay Example for Free

Gdp And Economic Welfare Essay Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most important economic indicator and it is used for comparison purposes to see how countries are doing economic wise. It entails the aggregate production or output in a country. GDP can be measured using either the expenditure approach where all final expenditures are added or by the income approach where all compensations of employees and other forms of incomes are added up. GDP is used to measure an economy’s economic growth. Hartzenberg T et al (2005, 114). The real GDP can be used to establish how an economy is performing and hence compare various economies as one can compare their outputs. It is also important in the sense that it can be used for forecasting purposes and hence important in planning. This paper will distinguish the difference between economic growth which can be measured using GDP statistics and national welfare or people’s well being. According to McConnel and Brue in their distinguished book ‘Economics’, a country can be said to have economic growth when there is a positive increase in its GDP. Economic growth is different from economic welfare and economic development. Economic growth is characterized by an increment in natural resources, the quantity or quality for the human resources, as well as an improvement in technology that translates to increased productivity. Economic growth refers to a positive shift in the production possibility curve to the right or where economic efficiency is attained. McConnel and Brue (2005, 149). A country A could register a higher GDP than country B but this does not necessarily mean that country A is doing better in terms of economic welfare as there is a clear distinction between economic growth and national welfare. This can be blamed on the limitations attached or rather linked to GDP calculation and analysis. (facstaff. uww. edu). Walter in the book ‘Economics’, noted that GDP ignores or rather omits household production which is an important sector in as far as determining the welfare of people is concerned. Wessels W (2006, 75). Alan and Laurence backed this idea in their book ‘Macroeconomics an integrated approach’ where they argued that GDP does not account for the unreported incomes which are earned in the ‘underground economy’. A good illustration of unreported incomes is a situation where waiters fail to report all the tips they acquire while on duty. People may fail to report their actual incomes to evade taxes. Statistical problems could also have occurred creating the impression that country A had a higher GDP than country B though this may not be actually be the case. Some people may not divulge all the information regarding their incomes or expenditure leading to wrong GDP estimates. If country B has a very significant ‘underground economy’ then her citizens could be doing better than those in country A even though the latter had a lower GDP. This is an indication that high GDP rates do not necessarily translate to better welfare for the citizens. Auerbach and Kotlikoff (1998, 136). When calculating GDP the aspect of leisure is ignored although it is very critical in as far as defining people’s welfare is concerned. Country A could register a higher GDP than country B but the citizens in country A could have been overworked leading to health complications. In this case, the high GDP could be at the expense of the people’s health and we cannot conclude that it ensured their welfare or well being. Wessels W (2006, 75). Using GDP figures to determine the people’s welfare is inappropriate as it fails to include ecological costs incurred in the process of attaining the said GDP. Ecological costs include the costs of pollution. Country A could register a higher GDP than country B due to the fact that country A had better technology that ensured increased production. However, the increased production could have been realized in the face of increased air, water and land pollution all of which poses health hazards to the citizens. Wessels W (2006, 75). When such is the case then we cannot conclude that country B is doing better than country A. People’s well being encompasses the people’s health and not just their economic well being. A country with lower GDP but ensuring that her environment is safe for her citizens is doing well in terms of national welfare even though it could record a lower GDP than one with a higher GDP but has a polluted environment. GDP ignores a country’s environmental quality and it fails to account for the consequences that an economic growth could come along with. Auerbach and Kotlikoff (1998, 136). GDP also focuses on output or production although it is consumption that could best explain people’s welfare. For instance country A could sell more goods to other nations like country B since the demand for such goods in country B is higher. In this context, country B could be doing better than country A but since country A exports more it may create the impression that it is doing better. On the other hand, country B may register a lower GDP translating to being worse off as her net exports are negative but in the real sense they could be doing better. Focusing only on the output approach would lead to distortions while addressing the issue of national welfare. Another critical issue cited by Wessels as a limitation of using GDP to evaluate a country’s or nation’s well being is the fact that government spending is valued at cost rather than at its value. Government projects in country A could have been at a higher cost than those in country B but an important aspect to consider here is how much the projects were worth to the citizens. This is because some important projects could be undervalued while worthless projects are overvalued and this will have a significant impact in as far as influencing the people’s welfare or well being is concerned. Wessels (2006, 75). GDP calculation does not include the plight of the people in terms of health and life expectancy which are quite important in assessing the people’s well being or welfare. Country A could have a higher GDP than country B but if she has a lower life expectancy rate and is performing poorly in terms of general health of her citizens then we cannot argue that her citizens are better off than those of country B especially if in country B the life expectancy and general health is better. Health which is a very important factor in determining the people’s welfare when calculating a country’s GDP people’s conditions health wise are only included if they increase the costs of the health system. A country’s health costs could be attributed to modern and advanced health technologies but this does not guarantee a nations well being health wise as the costs incurred may not match the benefits attained. Democracy or political freedom is an important part in determining people’s welfare. Good governance is one where respective freedoms are respected and most importantly democracy embraced. Using GDP to evaluate people’s welfare is inappropriate as it does not provide any information regarding a country’s governance. Country A could register a higher GDP than country B but the political organization in country A could be oppressive to the citizens. In this context, we cannot argue that country A citizens are better than those in country B which could be exercising democracy and consequently not oppressing her citizens. (facstaff. uww. edu). Another vital issue in defining people’s well being is assessing social justice in a country. If country A registered a higher GDP but was very poor in terms of the civil justice system then we cannot conclude that her citizens well being was ensured. Country B citizens could be doing better at a lower GDP level if she ensured an effective social justice system. An effective system ensures that the rule of law is embraced and people’s rights respected. This is important in ensuring that corruption which threatens people’s welfare as it only benefits a segment of the total population is kept at bay. Using GDP to compare the well being of people in country A and B could give a wrong impression of what is actually the case. This is attributed to the fact that a country could have overly adjusted for inflation leading to the impression that increase in prices translate to hikes in prices even when this could be as a result of improvement in the products produced. Morse S (2004, 39). Another aspect that makes it inappropriate to compare country’s welfare using the GDP statistics is the fact that for such comparisons one must convert the currencies into the other country’s currency and when carrying out the conversions it is possible to understate a country’s GDP especially in the developing nations. A country A could register a higher GDP than country B due to errors arising from conversions of currencies. (facstaff. uww. edu). Country A could have a higher GDP than country B but her citizens could be worse off than those of country B in terms of national welfare. This is attributed to the fact that country A could be characterized by many social evils as opposed to country B. Failure to include the non-market production in the calculation of GDP makes it an inappropriate tool in determining people’s welfare in an economy. Such services like childcare, subsistence farming and care for the aged mean a lot in as far as people’s welfare is concerned. Country A could have a higher GDP but with a lower subsistence economy when compared to country B. A significant subsistence economy would ensure that a country’s food security is ensured and this would place her citizens at a better stance in as far as their well being or welfare is concerned. GDP fails to account for the effects or consequences of technology which has an impact in its determination. In contrast GDP is more concerned on the value of the end product without taking to concern the efficiency of the technologies in question. If country A registered a higher GDP than country B but country A’s government invested more in sectors like education and health ensuring that her citizens were better off in those areas then we can conclude that country B’s welfare is doing well even if it has a lower GDP than country A. Treating investment in education and health as consumption rather than investments makes it difficult to estimate people’s welfare. Willis I (1997, 164). Distribution of resources in a country is also a point to consider when using GDP figures to estimate people’s welfare. Country A could register a higher GDP than country B but this high GDP could have been arrived from a small insignificant proportion of the total population. This is to say that it is inappropriate to say that country A citizens are doing better than those in country B as the GDP is contributed by a small proportion while a large proportion of the society could be languishing in poverty. Income distribution is of much essence when determining people’s welfare in an economy. The inequality issue and GDP arise more so in developing countries or third world as opposed to developed ones. Willis I (1997, 164). Social issues like family stability are also not reflected when calculating GDP although it has an impact on people’s welfare or well being. GDP in country A could be higher than that in country B as more money is being channelled into paying divorce cases lawyers or building more police posts in response to increased crime rates. This illustrates that it is inappropriate to make conclusions about people’s welfare using GDP. In his book ‘The Japanese Economy’, Mitsuo Saito noted the inappropriateness of GDP as a tool of evaluating people’s well being due to the fact that it does not indicate the labour conditions, housing conditions, state of the social security or the urban life which are crucial in determining people’s well being. Saito M (2000, 13). Economic growth could be based on either the demand side or the supply side of an economy. The aggregate demand could increase due to an increment in the population size while aggregate supply could be due to the discovery of new natural resources. Aggregate output is affected by the level of labour supply, the stock of accumulated capital, level of technology as well as the institutions in place. There is an inverse relationship between prices levels and output and when prices levels fall the output increases. Tanzi and Chu (1998, 203). Monetary and fiscal policies in a given economy would affect the country’s well being or welfare. The people’s welfare will be affected by the policies that an economy embraces. Good policies are those that aim for equitable economic growth in a nation. They ensure that the poor in the society are not worse off but instead uplift them. This can be achieved through the application of equitable taxes such that people’s ability to pay is what determines the amount they are to pay all taxes. The rich will pay a higher amount than the poor in such cases. The government could also apply fiscal policies to ensure development for the poor in society. References: Alan J. Auerbach, Laurence J. Kotlikoff. 1998. Macroeconomics: An Integrated Approach. MIT Press. Bernard Baumohl. 2007. The Secrets of Economic Indicators: Hidden Clues to Future Economic Trends and Investment Opportunities. Wharton School Publishing. Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue. 2005. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishers. Measuring GDP and economic growth. Retrieved on 23rd November 2008 from http://facstaff. uww. edu/ahmady/courses/econ202/ps/sg3. pdf Mitsuo Saito. 2000. The Japanese Economy. World Scientific Publishers. Ian Wills. 1997. Economics and the Environment: A Signaling and Incentives Approach Allen Unwin Publishers. Stephen Morse. 2004. Indices and Indicators in Development: An Unhealthy Obsession with Numbers? Earthscan Publishers. T. Hartzenberg, Buck Standish, A. Wentzel, V. Tang, T. Hartzenberg, S. Richards. 2005.

Mr :: essays research papers

Title: Great Expectations Author: Charles Dickens Main Characters: Pip – The main character, Estella – The rich girl, Joe – Pip’s uncle the blacksmith, Miss Havisham – The rich old lady, Magwitch – The convict and Pip’s benefactor Setting: Kent a town full of marshes by the river Point of View: Dialogue Theme(s): Becoming a gentleman and living in poverty, falling in love with a beautiful girl named Estella who is very rich. Summary: Pip is a young boy who lives in poverty with his sister Mrs. Joe and brother-in-law Joe who is a blacksmith. Pip is paid by Miss Havisham a very wealthy lady to play with Estella who is very proud and stuck up. He falls in love with her but she doesn’t like him because she feels he can never be a gentleman and become wealthy like her. His great expectations start coming true when he helps a convict who later becomes his benefactor. With the help of his benefactor he becomes a wealthy gentleman. Pip tried to do everything to win Estella after many years he finally gets her. Biography of Author: Charles Dickens (1812-1870), was born in England, the second of eight children of a debt ridden government clerk. At age 10 he was sent to work in a London factory. This experience upset him so greatly and left such an impression on him that he later created suffering and abandoned children as the heroes of many of his novels. He finally broke free of the slave factory and returned to school. He became a newspaper reporter, a job that helped him to observe people and to create scenes that live in his readers’ memories. With the appearance of The Pickwick Papers in 1836 and 1837, at age 24, Charleston became the most popular novelist in England.

Brand and Chapter

CB2201 Consumer Behaviour Lecturers: Kristina Georgiou and Alison Barker Tutorial Questions Trimester 1, 2013 Students Week 2 – 04/03/13 Chapter 8 1. 2. 4. How does a discrepancy between the ideal state and the actual state affect consumer behavior? What factors affect the inclusion of brands in the consideration set, and why would a company want its brand in the consideration set? What six broad groups of sources can consumers consult during external search. Where does the Internet fit into these groups. Chapter 9 3. 6. 7. How do consumers use compensatory and noncompensatory decision-making models?How do appraisals and feeling, as well as affective forecasting, influence consumer decision making? What three contextual elements affect consumer decision-making?Week 3 – 11/03/13 Chapter 10 5. 6.What is brand loyalty, and what role does it play in low-effort decision-making? How do price and value perceptions affect low-effort decision making? Chapter 11 3. 5. How do expe ctations and performance contribute to disconfirmation? Why is complaining important to marketers and how should complaints be handled?Week 4 – 18/03/13 Chapter 2 Case Study – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS WHAT’S IN A STORE AT UMPQUA BANK 1. 2. 3. How does Umpqua enhance consumer motivation by making itself personally relevant to customers? Explain, in consumer behavior terms, how the Innovation Lab enhances customers’ ability to process information about banking products and services? What is Umpqua doing to enhance consumers’ opportunity to process information about financial services? Week 5 – 25/03/13 Chapter 3 1. 4. 5. How do zipping and zapping affect consumers’ exposure to stimuli such as products and ads.What is perception, and what methods do we use to perceive stimuli? Differentiate between the absolute threshold and the differential threshold, and explain how these concepts relate to Weber’s Law. HEINZ IS LOOKING FOR ATTENTION – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS 1. Using the concepts discussed in this chapter, explain how Heinz has been successful in generating exposure and capturing attention. What other ideas would you suggest Heinz try to foster exposure, attention and perception? In terms of exposure, attention and perception, what are some potential disadvantages of Heinz’s Top This TV contests?Do you think Heinz will benefit long-term from holding a contest for students that focused on the visual appeal of designing single-serve ketchup packets? Explain your answer.2.3. Teaching Free Week Friday – 30/03/13 – Thursday 04/03/13Week 6 – 08/04/13 Mid Term Test in Class BASED ON CHAPTERS 2, 3, 8, 9, 10 & 11Week 7 – 15/04/13Chapter 4 – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS HYUNDAI ACCELERATES NEW IMAGE MARKETING 1. 2. 3. Why would Hyundai have a voice-over stating â€Å"We’re pretty sure that Mercedes, BMW, and Lexus aren’t going to like it very much† in a Genesis ad? How is Hyundai using country of origin to influence consumers’ inferences about the Genesis? In terms of knowledge and understanding, how is the introduction of the upscale Genesis sedan likely to affect how consumers think about lower-priced Hyundai models? Chapter 5 1. 3. What are attitudes, and what three functions do they serve.What role does credibility play in affecting consumer attitudes based on cognitions?Week 8 – 22/04/13 Chapter 6 2. 3. 5. 7. What role do source, message, context, and repetition play in influencing consumers’ cognitive attitude? What is the mere exposure effect, and why is it important to consumers’ affective reactions. Explain the dual-mediation hypothesis. What are the implications for affecting consumers’ brand attitude? What are the advantages and disadvantages of featuring celebrities in advertising messages? Chapter 7 4. . 6. How can retrieval failures and errors affect consumer memory? How does recognition differ from recall? What is implicit memory, and how can it affect a consumer’s ability to retrieve a brand name?Week 9 – 29/04/13 Presentation DayWeek 10 – 06/05/13 GROUP PROJECT DUE AT BEGINNING OF CLASS 8. 30am Chapter 14 1. 2. 5. Explain the differences between global values, terminal values, instrumental values, and domain-specific values.What are the four main value dimensions along which national cultures can vary? What are the three components of a consumer’s lifestyle? . Chapter 15 2. 5. 7. Why do companies sometimes target opinion leaders for marketing attention? What three techniques can marketers use to encourage consumer compliance? Why is word of mouth so important for marketers?Week 11 – 13/05/13 Chapter 16 4. 5. 6. How can consumers be categorized in terms of their timing of adoption relative to other consumers?What is the product life cycle, and how does it differ from product diffusion? How do consumer learni ng requirements and social relevance affect resistance, adoption, and diffusion? Chapter 18 1. 5. 6. What is compulsive buying, and why is it a problem? What influences environmentally conscious consumer behavior? What can consumers do to resist marketing practices they perceive as unwanted or unethical?Week 12 – 20/05/13 Final Test – In class BASED ON CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16 & 18

Hormones and Dreaming

â€Å"I Dreamed A Dream† We all dream, it is inevitable. You dream about people, places, homework, daily doings, and even things you don’t even recognize as being a part of our life. People may often question the significance of dreaming or why humans do it, but it is an essential part for our brain function as you sleep and live day to day. It allows for our minds to process the input it receives. There have been ample researchers who have studied the brain and its relationship with dreaming.Most people are aware of the influence hormones have on the behavior of a person. However, such hormones have also been linked to the dream process and their content. My goal through this research paper is to identify several hormones, naturally secreted by the body, and the impact they have on the dreaming process for both males and females, with a particular focus on females. The articles provide evidence as to what specific hormones from the body affect dreaming and how the horm ones enable that to occur. Article 1: Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidationIn this article, Payne and Nadel did not perform any actual experiments themselves; they did review the results of a number of different studies pertaining to cortisol and dreams. Researchers focused on the effects of brain neurohormones, specifically cortisol, as it impacts sleep, dreams, and memory. Researchers believed that variations in amounts of cortisol, as well as other neurotransmitters, affect the hippocampal formation and neocortical circuits, two parts essential for fusing memories, a process which occurs during sleep usually through dreams.It is important to understand that cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress and low levels of blood glucocorticoid meaning. Researchers of the studies that were reviewed provided background and assumptions for topics concerning sleeping and dreaming such as the sleep stages, the distribution of dreams, and the relationship between drea ms, sleep, and memory consolidation. First, sleep does not merely serve one purpose for humans.Second, content of dreams shows which portions of the brain are active. Third, if cortisol levels affect the hippocampal formation then the stages during sleep in which memory consolidation occurs will be also altered. In the studies looked at by Payne and Nadel, all findings showed that cortisol levels do fluctuate during a night’s sleep based on the sleep stage (REM, NREM, SWS). Some studies also indicated that sleep strengthens communication for the neocortical circuits and hippocampal formation.Many of the same studies continued to point out that the changes in cortisol levels interrupt the hippocampal formation function, which is the processing of episodes, and neocortical interactions. The results therefore alter dream content because the two brain parts are closely linked with dreaming during sleep. This dream interruption comes because the brain is attempting to integrate th e information with pre-existing knowledge and other related concepts.The findings compiled by Payne and Nadel are examples of biological psychology, which displays the relationship between human behavior, the mind, and biological processes in comparison with the influence of neuroscience and chemical/hormonal reactions, specifically cortisol. Cortisol is known to increase with age because of its role as a stress response hormone. Stress increases as age increases, therefore the connection between cortisol and dream interruption is also a part of developmental psychology because it is a change that occurs throughout a lifespan.These findings are also relatable to a cognitive psychological perspective since the studies investigate the mental process of dreams and how the brain sorts through new information and past information; simply stated: it is cognitive psychology because it is the brain working as one sleeps. These articles go into depth about the process of dreaming and how it is affect negatively by cortisol. Payne and Nadel also demonstrate social psychology, which is how our behavior is affected by others, in their review.Cortisol can be released by the body as a response to the stress brought about by others meaning that the behavior produced in our dreams is a result of our interactions with those around us. It would not be necessary to cut off contact with the world to decrease stress levels and attempt to control amounts of cortisol secreted by the body, but it can help people understand their own dream process through the night. Article 2: The Influence of the Hormonal Cycle on Dream Recall in Women In the dissertation by Phyllis Bales, Bales focuses on the impact of womens’ hormonal cycle in relationship to dream intensity, vividness, and content.As demonstrated in the first article, hormones can have a pronounced effect on dreams while sleeping because of hormonal influence on the brain. She hypothesized three things: first, there would b e higher dream activity and recall during the luteal phase, when large amounts of progesterone are emitted; second, dream intensity would be higher during the luteal phase; third, thematic content would co-vary with the hormonal, or menstrual, cycle. Bales performed a study with seven female subjects who were not taking birth control, since birth control is known to alter hormone balances.These participants kept a Dream Analysis Questionnaire and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire throughout the study, to track the content, intensity, and vividness of their own dreams. The findings from her study supported some of her initial hypotheses. The questionnaires showed that there was no difference in dream activity during the pre- and post-ovulatory phases, however, there was a significant increase in dream recall following the post-ovulatory phase, also known as the luteal phase as mentioned previously.Another influence seen in the luteal phase was an increase in maternal dreams along with their duration and intensity concerning maternity. These results proved to be consistent as shown through other studies that even used different methodologies. Bales’ study and dissertation are relatable to individual difference/personality with psychology as the results may vary insignificantly from person to person by extremely small numbers because of interactions with the environment, but will constantly be similar among women as a group, as long as they experience a menstrual cycle and have not entered menopause.An interesting perspective to consider is evolutionary psychology because of its inclusion of behavioral differences among individuals in response to changing physical and social environments. Women may experience such differences in dreams as part of variations between males and females. Through history, females have been the ones to bear children, never men, as told in the bible, but there is the chance that the body may have undergone experiences that have al tered the body in turn altering the mind, including dreams.Article 3: Menstrual hormone changes and instinctual tendencies in dreams In this paper by Judith Baron, Baron investigates whether the female sex hormone, progesterone, contributes to the content of dreams. Her main hypothesis was: the themes of dreams are more likely to contain maternal content when progesterone levels are high in the post-ovulatory or luteal phase. As part of the study included in the paper, seventeen female college students completed dream questionnaires for every dream remembered over two menstrual cycles.Then, scales were created to measure obvious and symbolic dream content. Menstrual cycles were divided into follicular, without progesterone, and luteal, with progesterone, phases for comparison within each subject of dream content. Conclusions taken from this study showed that there were higher obvious and symbolic maternal scores in the luteal phase. It was concluded that hormones do influence matern al instinctual tendencies as expressed in dreams and supported Baron’s beginning hypothesis concerning dream content in relation to progesterone levels.Again, this study backed the hypothesis that hormones do affect dream content. These findings suggest two things: first, hormones do impact the content of dreams; second, specifically progesterone has been linked to increase the maternal content in females’ dreams. This study is relatable to cognitive psychology because it is strongly tied with internal mental processes as the hormones influence the dreams females have and remember, even what they may learn from these dreams.Baron’s results are also representative of a biological perspective since it focuses on the biological foundations in relation with behavior and mental processes, including dreams. Progesterone released by the body affects the behavior that occurs in dreams for women. Conclusion People dream each night because it is our brain’s way of processing new experiences and information for our brain. Dreaming can be fun as it pertains to enjoyable events, like reliving a date or time with a loved one, or it can be terrifying as through nightmares, where our worst fears seem real.I have experienced both ends of the dream content spectrum as I have dreamt about a cute guy or even about death. Looking back at the findings in these articles, I am better able to understand the context in which these dreams happened and rationalize the occurrence I experienced. As a female, this research brings to light the even greater differences that are seen by scientist between men and women. We already have different physical features and behaviors which are linked to the dreams we experience.These physical features and behaviors are typically tied with hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol, the same hormones that affect dream processing, content, and vividness. With ovulation, the findings of increased maternal dreams in a sleeping pattern can also help women understand the reasoning behind why they are experiencing more dreams about being a mother. Some people may question the importance of such information concerning hormones and their effects on dreams, but it is important to note that many of our bodies’ hormones are released without real control over them.They are a response to outside stimuli or other impacts from our environment. With this research, we are able to answer two rather popular questions as to what our dreams may mean or why we had the dreams we did. Take the time to evaluate the environment around you, whether it is ovulation, stress, or even pregnancy. One thing to consider the next time you dream are the hormones your body may be producing and how they may be affecting your dreams. So next time you recall a dream, just ask â€Å"is a dream really a wish your heart makes? †